CVE-2012-0394

MEDIUMCVSS v2 · 6.86.8—
EchelonGraph scoreLOW confidence

This CVE was only ever scored under CVSS v2.0. NVD CVSS v2.0 base 6.8 — v2 rates that MEDIUM (v2 bands: LOW 0.0–3.9 / MEDIUM 4.0–6.9 / HIGH 7.0–10.0; v2 has no CRITICAL band). Vector AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P. CVSS v2 is an older, coarser metric than v3.1/v4.0 (no Scope, no User Interaction, no Attack Requirements), so it is not directly comparable to a v3 or v4 score. NVD has never re-scored this record under v3. EPSS predicts 72.9% exploitation probability in the next 30 days, which is reflected in EG Risk but does not lift the v2 base. Confidence: LOW.

Triggered by: NVD CVSS v2.0 (legacy fallback)
Sources: epss, nvd_v2
Weaponized
6.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch this weekExploitation is likely or a public exploit exists.
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 73%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, Exploit-DB (verified), epss top5pct, epss high, public exploit)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 73%CVSS v2: 6.8Exploit: Metasploit · Exploit-DB (verified) · epss top5pct · epss high · public exploitExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The DebuggingInterceptor component in Apache Struts before 2.3.1.1, when developer mode is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors. NOTE: the vendor characterizes this behavior as not "a security vulnerability itself.

CVSS v2.0 (legacy)
6.8MEDIUMNVD never assigned a CVSS v3 rating to this CVE
EG Score
6.8MEDIUMlow confidence
EG Risk
64
EG Risk 64/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity68% × 45%
Exploitation73% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low, Track or Track* at medium and Track* or Attend at high mission impact.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
73%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low, Track or Track* at medium and Track* or Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (EG-KEV: weaponized) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact unknown (not published for this CVE). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

January 8, 2012

Last Modified

April 29, 2026

References (14)

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core2.2.1 ... 2.3.8 (25 versions)
  • every version up to 2.3.18: fixed in 2.3.18
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 2× in last 7d / 10× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-10-07 23:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-06 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-03 14:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-29 08:25 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-26 15:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-24 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-16 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-15 03:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-11 09:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-05 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-04 13:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-28 21:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-26 14:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-23 00:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-19 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-16 02:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-15 01:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-05 19:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-30 01:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-26 13:44 UTCEG score recompute▲ 6.80
  22. 2026-07-25 14:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-23 01:06 UTCEG score recompute▼ 7.30
  24. 2026-07-23 00:10 UTCEG score recompute▲ 7.30
  25. 2026-07-22 21:48 UTCEG score recompute▼ 9.00
Show 59 more
  1. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-20 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-20 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 14:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-16 16:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-15 16:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-15 16:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-13 22:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-13 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-11 08:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-08 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-08 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-06 02:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-06 02:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-04 06:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-01 15:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-28 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-21 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-18 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-18 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-16 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-16 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-15 17:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-11 13:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-08 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-08 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-07 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-07 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-05-29 13:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-29 05:50 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-05-26 07:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-05-26 07:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-05-26 07:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-05-22 21:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-05-22 21:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-05-22 21:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-05-21 22:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-05-18 21:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-05-18 21:29 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(4 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module) (2 Exploit-DB entries). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-31434✓ verified
    First seen Feb 5, 2014

    Apache Struts - Developer Mode OGNL Execution (Metasploit)

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-18329✓ verified
    First seen Jan 6, 2012

    Apache Struts 2 < 2.3.1 - Multiple Vulnerabilities

    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitexploit/multi/http/struts_dev_mode✓ verified
    First seen Jan 6, 2012

    Apache Struts 2 Developer Mode OGNL Execution

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2012/CVE-2012-0394.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2012

    Apache Struts <2.3.1.1 - Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product)

Frequently asked(4)

What is CVE-2012-0394?
CVE-2012-0394 is a medium vulnerability published on January 8, 2012. The DebuggingInterceptor component in Apache Struts before 2.3.1.1, when developer mode is used, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unspecified vectors. NOTE: the vendor characterizes this behavior as not "a security vulnerability itself.
When was CVE-2012-0394 disclosed?
CVE-2012-0394 was first published on January 8, 2012, with the most recent update on April 29, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2012-0394 actively exploited?
CVE-2012-0394 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model classifies it as weaponized: a functional public exploit exists. FIRST EPSS estimates a 73% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
How do I remediate CVE-2012-0394?
A fix for CVE-2012-0394 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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