CVE-2026-77337

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (51st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses unencrypted, forgeable legacy tokens. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.2, 3.3.7, and 4.2.1.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
41
EG Risk 41/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
The EG Score, 9.1 of 10.
Exploitation0.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
51st
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 24, 2026

Last Modified

October 12, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit, github_pr.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Potential Authentication bypass with CookieAuthenticator · Advisory · cakephp/authentication · GitHub

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/security/advisories/GHSA-h7xh-9h2x-2m37
GitHub pull request Patch Available

2.x - Backport #805

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 2.11.2 (PR #807 merged 2026-07-10)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/807
GitHub pull request Patch Available

3.x - security: replace unencrypted cookie auth tokens with verified, work-factor-bounded HMAC-SHA256 tokens

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 3.3.7 (PR #806 merged 2026-07-08)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/806
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit c94d9a5380e7 (cakephp/authentication)

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 4.2.1 (contains commit c94d9a5380e7)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/commit/c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
cakephp2.10.11-2.1, 2.10.24-1, 2.10.24-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 57× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 99 are merged into the row they repeat.

  1. 2026-10-13 16:45 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 15:25 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 19:23 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 16:39 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:58 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 12:29 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  12. 2026-10-09 04:41 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  14. 2026-10-08 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  16. 2026-10-06 16:10 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  18. 2026-10-06 02:45 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  20. 2026-10-05 01:26 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  22. 2026-10-03 16:30 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  24. 2026-10-02 19:05 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-01 21:00 UTCEG score recompute
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  2. 2026-09-30 20:17 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-09-30 06:58 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-09-29 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  5. 2026-09-28 21:32 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-09-28 15:54 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  8. 2026-09-27 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  10. 2026-09-26 22:16 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  12. 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  13. 2026-09-24 15:53 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  15. 2026-09-23 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-22 19:10 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-21 21:45 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-20 20:52 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-19 18:18 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-09-18 21:34 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-17 21:11 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-16 14:15 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  29. 2026-09-16 05:37 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-15 05:43 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-09-15 03:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-13 17:12 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-09-12 17:22 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-12 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-11 17:32 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-11 13:04 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-10 13:09 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-09 01:20 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  43. 2026-09-07 19:17 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-09-06 17:34 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-06 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-05 17:43 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-04 17:46 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-04 05:45 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-09-04 05:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  50. 2026-09-02 20:46 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  52. 2026-09-01 14:06 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  54. 2026-09-01 06:04 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-09-01 04:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  56. 2026-08-30 21:22 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  58. 2026-08-30 01:31 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  60. 2026-08-29 00:21 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-28 21:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  62. 2026-08-27 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  64. 2026-08-26 16:24 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-26 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  66. 2026-08-25 20:24 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-25 19:37 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-25 14:23 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  70. 2026-08-24 22:26 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-24 21:48 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 9.1 CRITICAL
  72. 2026-08-24 21:47 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-77337?
CVE-2026-77337 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 24, 2026. CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-77337 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-77337 was published on August 24, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 12, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-77337 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-77337 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (51st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-77337?
CVE-2026-77337 has a CVSS base score of 9.1 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-77337?
A fix for CVE-2026-77337 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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