CVE-2026-72491

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-08-15. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c

The rdma->state field is modified without holding req_lock in both recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), while rdma_request() accesses the same field under the req_lock spinlock. This inconsistent locking creates a race condition:

  • recv_done() running in softirq completion context sets
rdma->state = P9_RDMA_FLUSHING without acquiring req_lock
  • p9_cm_event_handler() modifies rdma->state at multiple points
(ADDR_RESOLVED, ROUTE_RESOLVED, ESTABLISHED, CLOSED) without req_lock
  • rdma_request() uses spin_lock_irqsave(&rdma->req_lock, flags) to
protect the read-modify-write of rdma->state

The race can cause lost state transitions: recv_done() or the CM event handler could set state to FLUSHING/CLOSED while rdma_request() is concurrently checking or modifying state under the lock, leading to the FLUSHING transition being silently overwritten by CLOSING. This corrupts the connection state machine and can cause use-after-free on RDMA request objects during teardown.

Fix by adding req_lock protection to all rdma->state modifications in recv_done() and p9_cm_event_handler(), matching the pattern already used in rdma_request(). Use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore in the CM event handler since it can race with recv_done() which runs in softirq context.

Tested with a kernel module that races two threads (simulating rdma_request and recv_done/CM handler) on rdma->state with proper locking: 5.5M+ FLUSHING writes over 27M iterations with 0 lost transitions.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
The EG Score, 9.8 of 10.
Exploitation0.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
53rd
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 15, 2026

Last Modified

August 17, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 13, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ebbcbe5c0db215feecc17def06178da443f4eea6
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8aadc136d8e8d8fc95d7982d213cfe2234dfcf2b
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d54894a1ee265a72d70f7cae1da6cc774cccc71
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5424138848eb7d7d8a7196676e90a2cbf2142454
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4cee2b8766045059d5e0b8114837b4a8efe827ac
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3970a19a80de530b801b6256354d4a529a9a2d6c
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/151f8cf5b23d8a534d884432a82a6d54d5a61989
Web page

net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13bf9879b778b2f4b260b45bed18f31806120d1e

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-72491(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (55 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.180-1: fixed in 6.1.180-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (31 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.100-1: fixed in 6.12.100-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 7.1~rc7-1~exp1 (160 versions)
  • every version up to 7.1.5-1: fixed in 7.1.5-1
—

All Vendor Advisories

(15)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 19× in last 7d / 209× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 414 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 314 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-14 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-14 08:23 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-14 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-13 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-13 03:37 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-13 03:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-12 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-12 05:47 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-12 05:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-11 19:27 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 14:02 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-07 07:26 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-07 07:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-10-07 02:58 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-07 02:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-06 22:35 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-06 22:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-06 18:01 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-06 18:01 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-06 18:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-06 13:36 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-06 13:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-10-06 09:12 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-06 09:12 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-06 09:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-05 17:34 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-05 17:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-10-05 12:22 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-05 12:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-10-05 06:49 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-05 06:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-10-05 06:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-10-05 02:24 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-05 02:24 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-05 02:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-04 21:59 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-04 21:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-04 12:32 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-04 12:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  26. 2026-10-04 08:09 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-04 08:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  28. 2026-10-04 03:33 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-04 03:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  30. 2026-10-03 19:33 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-03 19:33 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-03 19:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  33. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  34. 2026-10-03 02:10 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-03 02:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  36. 2026-10-02 21:46 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-10-02 21:46 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-02 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  39. 2026-10-02 15:52 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-02 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  41. 2026-10-02 07:06 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-10-02 07:06 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-02 07:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  44. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  45. 2026-10-01 14:45 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-10-01 14:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  47. 2026-10-01 10:21 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-01 10:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  49. 2026-10-01 05:58 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-10-01 05:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  51. 2026-10-01 01:34 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-01 01:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  53. 2026-09-30 21:03 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-30 21:03 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-09-30 21:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  56. 2026-09-29 04:28 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-09-29 04:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  58. 2026-09-29 00:04 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-29 00:04 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-09-29 00:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  61. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  62. 2026-09-28 12:00 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-09-28 12:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  64. 2026-09-28 07:37 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-09-28 07:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  66. 2026-09-28 03:13 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-09-28 03:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  68. 2026-09-27 22:49 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-09-27 22:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  70. 2026-09-27 17:25 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-09-27 17:25 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-09-27 17:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  73. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  74. 2026-09-27 12:57 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-09-27 12:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gf38-f295-35cc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-72491?
CVE-2026-72491 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 15, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net/9p: fix race condition on rdma->state in trans_rdma.c The rdma->state field is modified without holding req_lock in both recvdone() and p9cmeventhandler(), while rdma_request() accesses the same field under the req_lock…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-72491 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-72491 was published on August 15, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-72491 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-72491 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-72491?
CVE-2026-72491 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-72491?
A fix for CVE-2026-72491 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-72491 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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