CVE-2026-49461

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (6th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.12.2, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires extracting the text of a page which contains a form XObject with self-references. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.12.2.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
The EG Score, 5.5 of 10.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
6th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 16, 2026

Last Modified

June 25, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 22, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_pr, github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Possible large memory usage for form XObjects during text extraction · Advisory · py-pdf/pypdf · GitHub

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-j543-4vmf-qm7v
GitHub release Patch Available

Version 6.12.2, 2026-05-26

Patch available: py-pdf/pypdf 6.12.2

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.12.2
GitHub pull request Patch Available

SEC: Improve loop control in text extraction

Patch available: py-pdf/pypdf 6.12.2 (PR #3805 merged 2026-05-26)

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3805

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-49461(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(6 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf3.17.4-1 ... 6.9.2-2 (15 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
pypdf22.12.1-3, 2.12.1-3+deb12u1, 2.12.1-4
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf21.26.0-4 ... 2.9.0-1 (24 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf5.4.0-1, 6.19.0-1, 6.9.0-1, 6.9.2-1, 6.9.2-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf5.4.0-1, 6.9.0-1, 6.9.2-1, 6.9.2-2
  • every version up to 6.19.0-1: fixed in 6.19.0-1
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf1.0 ... 6.9.2 (104 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.2: fixed in 6.12.2
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 27× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 128 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 29 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:00 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 19:43 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 16:57 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 14:21 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  16. 2026-10-03 07:09 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  19. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-09-14 03:32 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  5. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  6. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  7. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  8. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  9. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  10. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  11. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  12. 2026-08-30 22:49 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  14. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  15. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  16. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  17. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-08-24 23:25 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-08-23 09:27 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-08-21 09:46 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-08-20 10:58 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-08-19 13:08 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  28. 2026-08-16 22:00 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-08-15 22:39 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  33. 2026-08-14 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  35. 2026-08-13 04:28 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  37. 2026-08-12 06:40 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-08-11 08:50 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  40. 2026-08-10 11:01 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-08-09 13:12 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-06 19:41 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  46. 2026-08-05 21:52 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  48. 2026-08-05 00:03 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-04 10:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-04 02:14 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-02 06:34 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-01 08:22 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  57. 2026-07-31 04:25 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  59. 2026-07-30 04:19 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  61. 2026-07-29 03:03 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-07-28 15:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  63. 2026-07-26 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  65. 2026-07-25 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  66. 2026-07-24 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  67. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  68. 2026-07-23 03:18 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  70. 2026-07-21 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  71. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  72. 2026-07-19 14:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  73. 2026-07-19 02:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  74. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-49461?
CVE-2026-49461 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 16, 2026. pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.12.2, an attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to large memory usage. This requires extracting the text of a page which contains a form XObject with self-references. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.12.2.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-49461 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-49461 was published on June 16, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 25, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-49461 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-49461 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (6th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-49461?
CVE-2026-49461 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-49461?
A fix for CVE-2026-49461 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-49461 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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