CVE-2026-47391

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 1.2% (66th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.2%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.40, PraisonAI's first-party A2A server example exposes an unauthenticated A2A JSON-RPC endpoint and registers a calculate(expression) tool implemented with Python eval(). The example also binds to 0.0.0.0. A remote unauthenticated attacker can send message/send to /a2a; the request reaches agent.chat(), and a real LLM can invoke the registered calculate tool. In testing with gemini/gemini-2.5-flash-lite, this resulted in arbitrary Python execution in the server process, confirmed by creation of a marker file from an unauthenticated HTTP request. The issue affects deployments following the official A2A example or similar unauthenticated public A2A deployments with unsafe tools. The default unauthenticated A2A surface also exposes task history and task cancellation APIs, increasing confidentiality and integrity impact. Version 4.6.40 patches the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.2%
EPSS %ILE
66th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
1.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-18). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 29, 2026

Last Modified

July 23, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 17, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_pr, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Unauthenticated A2A official example can reach real LLM-driven `eval()` tool execution · Advisory · MervinPraison/PraisonAI · GitHub

https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/security/advisories/GHSA-vg22-4gmj-prxw
GitHub pull request Patch Available

fix: harden JWT secret defaults and replace eval() in examples (GHSA-3qg8-5g3r-79v5, GHSA-vg22-4gmj-prxw)

Patch available: MervinPraison/PraisonAI v4.6.151 (PR #1793 merged 2026-06-02)

https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/pull/1793
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit e0fb8e7dd1ee (MervinPraison/PraisonAI)

Patch available: MervinPraison/PraisonAI v4.6.151 (contains commit e0fb8e7dd1ee)

https://github.com/MervinPraison/PraisonAI/commit/e0fb8e7dd1ee6759c18ed07f436c21dbd9c20747

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-47391(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
praisonai0.0.1 ... 4.6.9 (731 versions)
  • every version up to 4.6.40: fixed in 4.6.40
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 118 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 18 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  2. 2026-10-19 15:45 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  4. 2026-10-18 03:36 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  6. 2026-10-17 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  8. 2026-10-16 15:29 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  10. 2026-10-15 15:21 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  12. 2026-10-14 09:47 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  14. 2026-10-13 07:35 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 16:01 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 16:59 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 14:24 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  21. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  22. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  23. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  24. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  25. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  2. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  3. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  4. 2026-10-03 14:19 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  6. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  7. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  8. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  9. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  10. 2026-09-26 00:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  11. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  12. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  13. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  14. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  15. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  16. 2026-09-14 06:20 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  18. 2026-09-13 01:06 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  20. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  21. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  22. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  23. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  24. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  25. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  26. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  27. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  28. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  29. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  30. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  31. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  32. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  33. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  34. 2026-08-25 04:08 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-08-23 14:05 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  37. 2026-08-22 00:33 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  39. 2026-08-21 02:24 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  41. 2026-08-20 10:24 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
  43. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  45. 2026-08-16 15:02 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  47. 2026-08-16 02:23 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  49. 2026-08-15 16:54 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-14 00:27 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-12 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-11 18:27 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-11 03:50 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-09 16:45 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-08 20:01 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  62. 2026-08-07 18:22 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-06 17:27 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-08-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  65. 2026-08-05 20:42 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  67. 2026-08-04 22:59 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  69. 2026-08-04 10:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  70. 2026-08-03 15:54 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  72. 2026-08-02 06:42 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile
  74. 2026-08-01 13:53 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 52nd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-47391?
CVE-2026-47391 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 29, 2026. PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.40, PraisonAI's first-party A2A server example exposes an unauthenticated A2A JSON-RPC endpoint and registers a calculate(expression) tool implemented with Python eval(). The example also binds to 0.0.0.0. A remote unauthenticated…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-47391 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-47391 was published on May 29, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 23, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-47391 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-47391 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (66th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-47391?
CVE-2026-47391 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-47391?
A fix for CVE-2026-47391 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-47391 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-47391

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-47391?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.