CVE-2026-45951

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-05-27. The CNA's CVSS baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: the CNA's CVSS, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object

Refcounting in the check_pseudo_btf_id() function is incorrect: the __check_pseudo_btf_id() function might get called with a zero refcounted btf. Fix this, and patch related code accordingly.

v3: rephrase a comment (AI) v2: fix a refcount leak introduced in v1 (AI)

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
5th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 27, 2026

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 4, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eac65c272f3b49021a843cba5107d63627395e0e
Web page

bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ccd2d799ed4467c07f5ee18c2f5c59bcc990822c
Web page

bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ff46ffeecdb1802d6e26183177935b948a12e7f

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45951(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
linuxKernel @ 6.18.14 (fixes >=6.14.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.18~rc7-1~exp1 (104 versions)
  • every version up to 6.18.14-1: fixed in 6.18.14-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 32× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 259 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 159 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  2. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  4. 2026-10-18 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  6. 2026-10-17 13:31 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-17 13:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  8. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  9. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  10. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  12. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  13. 2026-10-12 16:03 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 19:46 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 14:25 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  19. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  21. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  23. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  24. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  25. 2026-10-03 18:51 UTCOSV refresh
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  2. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  3. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  4. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  5. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  6. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  9. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  12. 2026-09-14 08:56 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-09-14 08:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  14. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-09-13 04:09 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  27. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  28. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  29. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-08-25 05:39 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-08-25 05:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  33. 2026-08-23 15:28 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-23 15:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  35. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  36. 2026-08-21 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-08-21 20:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  38. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  39. 2026-08-20 12:36 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-20 12:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  41. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  43. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-17 09:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  45. 2026-08-16 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-16 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  47. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  48. 2026-08-16 02:53 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-16 02:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  50. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-15 00:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-08-14 13:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  54. 2026-08-14 01:32 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-14 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  56. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-13 01:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  58. 2026-08-12 13:54 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-12 13:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  60. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 01:18 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-12 01:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  63. 2026-08-11 13:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  64. 2026-08-11 00:14 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-11 00:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  66. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  67. 2026-08-10 10:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  68. 2026-08-09 22:56 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-09 22:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  71. 2026-08-09 11:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  72. 2026-08-08 23:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  73. 2026-08-08 11:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  74. 2026-08-08 00:10 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-08-08 00:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gr6f-x92j-c7m6 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-45951?
CVE-2026-45951 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 27, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Fix a potential use-after-free of BTF object Refcounting in the checkpseudobtf_id() function is incorrect: the checkpseudobtf_id() function might get called with a zero refcounted btf. Fix this, and patch related code…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45951 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-45951 was published on May 27, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 5, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-45951 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-45951 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (5th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45951?
CVE-2026-45951 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (the CNA's own assessment, by linux; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45951?
A fix for CVE-2026-45951 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-45951 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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