CVE-2026-45727

HIGHPre-NVD 8.88.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.8 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (50th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

CloakBrowser is a tool to bypass bot detection tests. Prior to version 0.3.28, the cloakserve CDP multiplexer uses the user-supplied fingerprint query parameter directly as a filesystem path component when creating Chrome profile directories. An unauthenticated attacker who can reach the cloakserve port can supply a crafted fingerprint value containing path traversal sequences to resolve user_data_dir outside the configured data_dir. When Chrome fails to start or the process is cleaned up, shutil.rmtree() deletes the traversed path, resulting in arbitrary directory deletion. Additionally, cloakserve bound to 0.0.0.0 by default, making it network-exposed. This issue has been patched in version 0.3.28.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
55
EG Risk 55/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity88% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
50th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 18, 2026

Last Modified

July 22, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Jun 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Unauthenticated path traversal via fingerprint parameter in cloakserve leads to arbitrary directory deletion · Advisory · CloakHQ/CloakBrowser · GitHub

Affected: v0.3.28.

https://github.com/CloakHQ/CloakBrowser/security/advisories/GHSA-mf33-gv72-w2h5

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45727(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
cloakbrowser0.1.0 ... 0.3.9 (43 versions)
  • every version up to 0.3.28: fixed in 0.3.28
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 165 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 66 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  5. 2026-10-17 13:36 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  8. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  9. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  10. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  11. 2026-10-12 16:04 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 19:46 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  16. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  17. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  18. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  20. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  21. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  22. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  23. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  25. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-09-30 03:40 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  3. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  4. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  5. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  6. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  7. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  8. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  9. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  10. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  11. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  12. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  13. 2026-09-11 06:23 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  15. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  16. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  17. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  18. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  19. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  20. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  21. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  22. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  23. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  24. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  25. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  26. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  27. 2026-08-23 17:14 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  29. 2026-08-21 23:53 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  31. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  32. 2026-08-20 19:09 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  34. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  35. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  36. 2026-08-17 10:06 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  38. 2026-08-16 03:40 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  40. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  41. 2026-08-14 02:12 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  43. 2026-08-12 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  45. 2026-08-11 13:56 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-11 00:42 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  48. 2026-08-10 00:17 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  50. 2026-08-09 01:40 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  52. 2026-08-07 18:48 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-08-06 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  55. 2026-08-05 21:25 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  57. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  58. 2026-08-04 10:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  59. 2026-08-03 17:05 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  61. 2026-08-02 05:49 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  63. 2026-08-01 18:28 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  65. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  66. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  67. 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  68. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  69. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  70. 2026-07-25 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  71. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  72. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  73. 2026-07-23 03:16 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-45727?
CVE-2026-45727 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 18, 2026. CloakBrowser is a tool to bypass bot detection tests. Prior to version 0.3.28, the cloakserve CDP multiplexer uses the user-supplied fingerprint query parameter directly as a filesystem path component when creating Chrome profile directories. An unauthenticated attacker who can reach the cloakserve…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45727 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-45727 was published on May 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 22, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-45727 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-45727 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (50th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45727?
CVE-2026-45727 has a CVSS base score of 8.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45727?
A fix for CVE-2026-45727 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-45727 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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