CVE-2026-45091

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3%, top 76% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.1
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

sealed-env is a cross-stack, zero-trust secret management library for Node.js and Java/Spring Boot. In sealed-env enterprise mode, versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embedded the operator's literal TOTP secret in the JWS payload of every minted unseal token. JWS payload is base64-encoded JSON, NOT encrypted. Any party who could observe a minted token (CI build logs, container env dumps, kubectl describe pod, Sentry/Rollbar stack traces, log aggregators) could decode the payload and extract the TOTP secret in plaintext. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.1.0-alpha.4.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1(medium)
EPSS
24.6%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 12, 2026

Last Modified

May 13, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated May 12, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

TOTP secret embedded in unseal token payload (enterprise mode) · Advisory · davidalmeidac/sealed-env · GitHub

Affected: 0.1.0-alpha.4 by replacing the embedded secret with a salt-bound HMAC derivative

https://github.com/davidalmeidac/sealed-env/security/advisories/GHSA-x3r2-fj3r-g5mv

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
io.github.davidalmeidac:sealed-env-core0.1.0-alpha.1, 0.1.0-alpha.2, 0.1.0-alpha.30.1.0-alpha.4—
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
sealed-env—0.1.0-alpha.4—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 57× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 157 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  75. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-45091?
CVE-2026-45091 is a critical vulnerability published on May 12, 2026. sealed-env is a cross-stack, zero-trust secret management library for Node.js and Java/Spring Boot. In sealed-env enterprise mode, versions 0.1.0-alpha.1 through 0.1.0-alpha.3 embedded the operator's literal TOTP secret in the JWS payload of every minted unseal token. JWS payload is base64-encoded…
When was CVE-2026-45091 disclosed?
CVE-2026-45091 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 12, 2026, with the most recent update on May 13, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-45091 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-45091 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 24.6% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45091?
CVE-2026-45091 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45091?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-45091, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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