CVE-2026-44978

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.35.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.3 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (43rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
5.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 5.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to security_layer=negotiate or security_layer=rdp, and the crypto level is changed to crypt_level=fips in xrdp.ini. In this specific non-default mode, the server fails to validate the FIPS padding length field, leading to a pointer underflow and a subsequent negative length calculation. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a crafted FIPS-protected PDU, causing a heap out-of-bounds read that results in a process crash and denial of service (DoS). However, since xrdp forks a new process for each connection by default, an out-of-bounds read causing a process crash is unlikely to bring down the entire xrdp service. This issue has been fixed in version 0.10.6.1.

CVSS v3
5.3
EG Score
5.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
39
EG Risk 39/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity53% × 45%
The EG Score, 5.3 of 10.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
43rd
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 20, 2026

Last Modified

July 22, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jul 21, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Heap Out-of-bounds Read in xrdp non-TLS FIPS receive paths · Advisory · neutrinolabs/xrdp · GitHub

https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/security/advisories/GHSA-9cg5-f7m7-ppvj
GitHub release Patch Available

xrdp v0.10.6.1

Patch available: neutrinolabs/xrdp v0.10.6.1

https://github.com/neutrinolabs/xrdp/releases/tag/v0.10.6.1

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
xrdp0.10.0-1 ... 0.9.24-5~bpo12+1 (43 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
xrdp0.9.21.1-1, 0.9.21.1-1+deb12u1, 0.9.21.1-1+deb12u2
  • every version up to 0.9.21.1-1+deb12u3: fixed in 0.9.21.1-1+deb12u3
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
xrdp0.10.1-3.1, 0.10.1-3.1+deb13u1
  • every version up to 0.10.1-3.1+deb13u2: fixed in 0.10.1-3.1+deb13u2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
xrdp0.10.1-3.1 ... 0.10.6.1-2~bpo13+1 (19 versions)
  • every version up to 0.10.6.1-2: fixed in 0.10.6.1-2
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 30× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 120 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 20 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:04 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 19:47 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-04 14:56 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 07:42 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-28 06:22 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 01:39 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-18 03:56 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  3. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 12:47 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  6. 2026-09-14 11:55 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  8. 2026-09-13 11:39 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  10. 2026-09-12 09:59 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  12. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  13. 2026-09-11 09:23 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  15. 2026-09-09 11:53 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  17. 2026-09-07 22:53 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  19. 2026-09-05 09:29 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  23. 2026-08-31 02:49 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  25. 2026-08-30 02:34 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  27. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  28. 2026-08-28 01:41 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  30. 2026-08-27 01:07 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  32. 2026-08-26 00:49 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  34. 2026-08-25 00:04 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-08-23 23:49 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  37. 2026-08-22 23:34 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  39. 2026-08-20 23:04 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  41. 2026-08-19 22:49 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  43. 2026-08-18 21:49 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  45. 2026-08-17 21:01 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  47. 2026-08-16 17:54 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  49. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  50. 2026-08-15 17:39 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  52. 2026-08-14 17:24 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  54. 2026-08-12 16:37 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-11 16:21 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-09 15:51 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-08 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-06 15:07 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  63. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-05 14:52 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  66. 2026-08-04 13:12 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-04 10:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  68. 2026-08-03 12:58 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-02 12:43 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  72. 2026-08-01 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  74. 2026-07-31 12:14 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-44978?
CVE-2026-44978 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 20, 2026. xrdp is an open source RDP server. Versions 0.10.6 and prior contain a heap out-of-bounds read vulnerability within the FIPS-specific receive paths. This vulnerability does not affect the default configuration of xrdp. The vulnerability is only exploitable when the security layer is set to…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44978 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-44978 was published on July 20, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 22, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-44978 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-44978 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (43rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44978?
CVE-2026-44978 has a CVSS base score of 5.3 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44978?
A fix for CVE-2026-44978 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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