CVE-2026-44351

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (16th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-30152 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.2.4, a critical authentication-bypass vulnerability in fast-jwt's async key-resolver flow allows any unauthenticated attacker to forge arbitrary JWTs that are accepted as authentic. When the application's key resolver returns an empty string (''), for example via the common keys[decoded.header.kid] || '' JWKS-style fallback, fast-jwt converts it to a zero-length Buffer, hands it to crypto.createSecretKey, derives allowedAlgorithms = ['HS256','HS384','HS512'] from it, and then verifies the token's signature against an empty-key HMAC. The attacker simply computes HMAC-SHA256(key='', input='${header}.${payload}'), which Node accepts without complaint — and the verifier returns the attacker-chosen payload (sub, admin, scopes, etc.) as authentic. This vulnerability is fixed in 6.2.4.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
56
EG Risk 56/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
16th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-28). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 13, 2026

Last Modified

October 26, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Empty HMAC secret accepted via async key resolver - JWT auth bypass · Advisory · nearform/fast-jwt · GitHub

https://github.com/nearform/fast-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-gmvf-9v4p-v8jc

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
fast-jwt—
  • every version up to 6.2.4: fixed in 6.2.4
—

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 51× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 202 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 102 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  2. 2026-10-29 13:50 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
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  5. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
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  12. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
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  14. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
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  24. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  25. 2026-10-18 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
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  1. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  2. 2026-10-17 14:27 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
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  5. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
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  9. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
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  11. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
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  16. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
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  26. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  27. 2026-09-30 11:47 UTCOSV refresh
  28. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  29. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  30. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  38. 2026-09-11 18:23 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  42. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  50. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  54. 2026-08-22 02:03 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  74. 2026-08-09 17:31 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-44351?
CVE-2026-44351 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 13, 2026. fast-jwt provides fast JSON Web Token (JWT) implementation. Prior to 6.2.4, a critical authentication-bypass vulnerability in fast-jwt's async key-resolver flow allows any unauthenticated attacker to forge arbitrary JWTs that are accepted as authentic. When the application's key resolver returns an…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44351 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-44351 was published on May 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 26, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-44351 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-44351 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (16th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44351?
CVE-2026-44351 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44351?
A fix for CVE-2026-44351 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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