CVE-2026-41312

MEDIUMNVD 6.56.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (13th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-25112 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. An attacker who uses a vulnerability present in versions prior to 6.10.2 can craft a PDF which leads to the RAM being exhausted. This requires accessing a stream compressed using /FlateDecode with a /Predictor unequal 1 and large predictor parameters. This has been fixed in pypdf 6.10.2. As a workaround, one may apply the changes from the patch manually.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
29
EG Risk 29/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
13th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 22, 2026

Last Modified

April 27, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Jun 14, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_pr, github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Manipulated FlateDecode predictor parameters can exhaust RAM · Advisory · py-pdf/pypdf · GitHub

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-7gw9-cf7v-778f
GitHub release Patch Available

Version 6.10.2, 2026-04-15

Patch available: py-pdf/pypdf 6.10.2

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.10.2
GitHub pull request Patch Available

SEC: Introduce limits for FlateDecode parameters and image decoding

Patch available: py-pdf/pypdf 6.10.2 (PR #3734 merged 2026-04-15)

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/pull/3734
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit ac734dab4eef (py-pdf/pypdf)

Patch available: py-pdf/pypdf 6.10.2 (contains commit ac734dab4eef)

https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/commit/ac734dab4eef92bcce50d503949b4d9887d89f11

Affected Packages

(6 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf3.17.4-1 ... 6.9.2-2 (15 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
pypdf22.12.1-3, 2.12.1-3+deb12u1, 2.12.1-4
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf21.26.0-4 ... 2.9.0-1 (24 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf5.4.0-1, 6.19.0-1, 6.9.0-1, 6.9.2-1, 6.9.2-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf5.4.0-1, 6.9.0-1, 6.9.2-1, 6.9.2-2
  • every version up to 6.19.0-1: fixed in 6.19.0-1
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pypdf1.0 ... 6.9.2 (100 versions)
  • every version up to 6.10.2: fixed in 6.10.2
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 36× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 195 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 95 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  2. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  3. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  4. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  6. 2026-10-25 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-23 02:22 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-18 03:42 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-12 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 19:50 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-11 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-10 17:25 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  12. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  13. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  14. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  15. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  16. 2026-09-21 04:49 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  18. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  19. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  20. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  21. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  22. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  23. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  24. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  25. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  26. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  27. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  28. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  29. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  30. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  31. 2026-09-02 02:38 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  33. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  34. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  35. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  36. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  37. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  38. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  39. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  40. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  41. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  42. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  43. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  44. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  45. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  46. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  47. 2026-08-16 05:56 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  49. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  50. 2026-08-14 04:16 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  52. 2026-08-12 18:27 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  54. 2026-08-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  55. 2026-08-11 04:21 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  57. 2026-08-10 03:54 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  59. 2026-08-09 03:27 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  61. 2026-08-07 12:43 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  63. 2026-08-05 23:02 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  65. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  66. 2026-08-04 10:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  67. 2026-08-03 21:12 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  69. 2026-08-02 11:59 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  71. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  72. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  73. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  74. 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  75. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-41312?
CVE-2026-41312 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 22, 2026. pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. An attacker who uses a vulnerability present in versions prior to 6.10.2 can craft a PDF which leads to the RAM being exhausted. This requires accessing a stream compressed using /FlateDecode with a /Predictor unequal 1 and large predictor…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-41312 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-41312 was published on April 22, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 27, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-41312 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-41312 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (13th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-41312?
CVE-2026-41312 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-41312?
A fix for CVE-2026-41312 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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