CVE-2026-41228

CRITICALNVD 9.99.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (44th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-25176 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.9Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, the Froxlor API endpoint Customers.update (and Admins.update) does not validate the def_language parameter against the list of available language files. An authenticated customer can set def_language to a path traversal payload (e.g., ../../../../../var/customers/webs/customer1/evil), which is stored in the database. On subsequent requests, Language::loadLanguage() constructs a file path using this value and executes it via require, achieving arbitrary PHP code execution as the web server user. Version 2.3.6 fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
9.9
EG Score
9.9CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity99% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
44th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.9 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-29). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 23, 2026

Last Modified

April 27, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 26, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit, github_release.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Local File Inclusion via path traversal in API `def_language` parameter leads to Remote Code Execution · Advisory · froxlor/froxlor · GitHub

https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-w59f-67xm-rxx7
GitHub release Patch Available

froxlor security release 2.3.6

Patch available: froxlor/froxlor 2.3.6

https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.6
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit bc5e6dbaa90e (froxlor/froxlor)

Patch available: froxlor/froxlor 2.3.6 (contains commit bc5e6dbaa90e)

https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/commit/bc5e6dbaa90e6f3573129da640595e8c770e1d0c

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Packagist(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
froxlor/froxlor0.10.0 ... 2.3.5 (107 versions)
  • every version up to 2.3.6: fixed in 2.3.6
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 51× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 210 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 110 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 09:07 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  3. 2026-10-29 08:22 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 07:34 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 06:49 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 02:40 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-25 01:53 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  14. 2026-10-24 01:08 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  16. 2026-10-23 00:21 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 23:32 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  20. 2026-10-20 22:46 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  22. 2026-10-19 22:00 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-18 03:42 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-17 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  4. 2026-10-16 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 54th percentile
  6. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-14 10:20 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 08:48 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-12 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 19:51 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  26. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  27. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-23 09:23 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  43. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  44. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  45. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-04 03:59 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  48. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  59. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-17 14:59 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 05:55 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  66. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  67. 2026-08-14 04:15 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  69. 2026-08-12 18:00 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  71. 2026-08-11 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  73. 2026-08-11 02:15 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  75. 2026-08-09 16:38 UTCEG score recompute

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-41228?
CVE-2026-41228 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 23, 2026. Froxlor is open source server administration software. Prior to version 2.3.6, the Froxlor API endpoint Customers.update (and Admins.update) does not validate the deflanguage parameter against the list of available language files. An authenticated customer can set deflanguage to a path traversal…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-41228 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-41228 was published on April 23, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 27, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-41228 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-41228 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (44th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-41228?
CVE-2026-41228 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-41228?
A fix for CVE-2026-41228 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-41228

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-41228?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Book a Demo →Browse All CVEs