CVE-2026-41070

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (38th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-28789 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

openvpn-auth-oauth2 is a plugin/management interface client for OpenVPN server to handle an OIDC based single sign-on (SSO) auth flows. From version 1.26.3 to before version 1.27.3, when openvpn-auth-oauth2 is deployed in the experimental plugin mode (shared library loaded by OpenVPN via the plugin directive), clients that do not support WebAuth/SSO (e.g., the openvpn CLI on Linux) are incorrectly admitted to the VPN despite being denied by the authentication logic. The default management-interface mode is not affected because it does not use the OpenVPN plugin return-code mechanism. This issue has been patched in version 1.27.3.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
45
EG Risk 45/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
38th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-29). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 8, 2026

Last Modified

October 26, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 26, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

OpenVPN Plugin returns FUNC_SUCCESS on client-deny, allowing unauthenticated VPN access · Advisory · jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2 · GitHub

https://github.com/jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2/security/advisories/GHSA-246w-jgmq-88fg
GitHub commit

commit 36f69a6c67c1 (jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2)

Fix landed in jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2 commit 36f69a6c67c1 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2/commit/36f69a6c67c1054da7cbfa04ced3f0555127c8f2

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openvpn-auth-oauth21.26.2+dfsg-1 ... 1.27.2-1 (11 versions)
  • every version up to 1.27.3-1: fixed in 1.27.3-1
—
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/jkroepke/openvpn-auth-oauth2—
  • 1.26.3 up to 1.27.3: fixed in 1.27.3
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 51× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 217 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 117 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-29 18:57 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  3. 2026-10-28 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  5. 2026-10-27 18:25 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  7. 2026-10-26 18:28 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 18:38 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-24 18:38 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 18:41 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  16. 2026-10-22 18:39 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 18:37 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  20. 2026-10-20 18:40 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  22. 2026-10-19 18:41 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 18:43 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-18 03:42 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-17 18:44 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  4. 2026-10-16 18:45 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  6. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 15:45 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  9. 2026-10-14 09:58 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 08:02 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  13. 2026-10-12 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 19:51 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  19. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  21. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  23. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  24. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  25. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  26. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  27. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  28. 2026-09-30 07:58 UTCOSV refresh
  29. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  30. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  31. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  32. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  33. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  34. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  35. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  36. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  37. 2026-09-15 03:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  38. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  39. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  41. 2026-09-11 14:23 UTCOSV refresh
  42. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  43. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  44. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  45. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  46. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  47. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  48. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  50. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  52. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  53. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  54. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  55. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  56. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  57. 2026-08-23 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  59. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  60. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  61. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  62. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  63. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  64. 2026-08-17 11:30 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  66. 2026-08-16 04:33 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  68. 2026-08-15 02:05 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  70. 2026-08-14 03:07 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  72. 2026-08-12 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  74. 2026-08-11 15:51 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-08-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-41070?
CVE-2026-41070 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 8, 2026. openvpn-auth-oauth2 is a plugin/management interface client for OpenVPN server to handle an OIDC based single sign-on (SSO) auth flows. From version 1.26.3 to before version 1.27.3, when openvpn-auth-oauth2 is deployed in the experimental plugin mode (shared library loaded by OpenVPN via the plugin…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-41070 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-41070 was published on May 8, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 26, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-41070 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-41070 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (38th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-41070?
CVE-2026-41070 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-41070?
A fix for CVE-2026-41070 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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