CVE-2026-31681

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-04-25. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-25648 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry

ports_match_v1() treats any non-zero pflags entry as the start of a port range and unconditionally consumes the next ports[] element as the range end.

The checkentry path currently validates protocol, flags and count, but it does not validate the range encoding itself. As a result, malformed rules can mark the last slot as a range start or place two range starts back to back, leaving ports_match_v1() to step past the last valid ports[] element while interpreting the rule.

Reject malformed multiport v1 rules in checkentry by validating that each range start has a following element and that the following element is not itself marked as another range start.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-05). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 25, 2026

Last Modified

November 6, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ff64c5bfef12461df8450e0f50bb693b5269c720
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9749f6232c845e31c21d4cc72200211df15d8a2
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b67d638cbee9975c765feb45c126e96ed11ec802
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aec14808271f2bf2b656de6ff12dfe73c5fd3b67
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8c5bf8f5b478f569191c4a7982de7cd5f5f73c1a
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8368ce8eb01f0b91111d814703696e780d0ef12f
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36bf0d98e180a7c384c8d8a59b0d2d4b80e5eb16
Web page

netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1e4baa853f1cc4227e04f52d6860524707cfb294

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31681(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(28)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1109.105) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1117.126) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (6.8.0-1061.64~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1033.34) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1106.104) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-136.136~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.15.0.1109.115~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1064.72+fips1) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.8.0-1058.61~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15 (5.15.0.1064.66~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15 (5.15.0.1107.107) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15 (5.15.0.1064.64) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1063.71+fips2) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-5.15 (5.15.0.1107.106) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iot-realtime-5.15 (5.15.0.1104.108) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-5.15 (5.15.0.1117.102) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (5.15.0.1112.122~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2050.52) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.15.0-1075 (5.15.0-1075.79) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1058.61) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-136.136) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1061.64+1) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-edge (5.15.0.1106.110~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1063.71) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.8 (6.8.0-1062.69~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1062.69) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1059.62.1) @ noble2026-10-15ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 5.10.258 (fixes >=2.6.17)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (54 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.259-1: fixed in 5.10.259-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.174-1~deb11u1 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.176-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (53 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1: fixed in 6.1.176-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (130 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.14-1: fixed in 6.19.14-1
—

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 47× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 285 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 190 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  4. 2026-11-06 15:38 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-11-06 15:38 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-06 15:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  7. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  9. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  13. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-27 16:55 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-25 14:36 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  25. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  5. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  6. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 02:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  8. 2026-10-15 01:52 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-15 01:52 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-15 01:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  11. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  12. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  13. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  14. 2026-10-12 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  19. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  20. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  21. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  22. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  23. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  24. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  26. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  27. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  28. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  29. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  30. 2026-09-28 02:02 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  32. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  33. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  34. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  43. 2026-09-08 09:46 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-09-08 09:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  45. 2026-09-08 09:04 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-08 09:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  47. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  48. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  49. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  50. 2026-09-04 02:59 UTCOSV refresh
  51. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  52. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  53. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  54. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  55. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  56. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  57. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  58. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  59. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  60. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  61. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  62. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  63. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  64. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  65. 2026-08-17 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-17 14:45 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-08-17 14:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f822-mpgr-7cqx · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  68. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  69. 2026-08-16 05:43 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-08-16 05:43 UTCVendor advisory

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31681?
CVE-2026-31681 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 25, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: xt_multiport: validate range encoding in checkentry ports_match_v1() treats any non-zero pflags entry as the start of a port range and unconditionally consumes the next ports[] element as the range end. The checkentry…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31681 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31681 was published on April 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 6, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31681 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31681 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31681?
CVE-2026-31681 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31681?
A fix for CVE-2026-31681 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31681 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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