OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...% to execute unapproved commands beyond the allowlisted operations.
CVE-2026-28391
CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreLOW confidence
This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit-prediction score not yet available (the EPSS model rescores nightly; freshly-published CVEs typically appear within 48 hours). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).
Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: secondary
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0
No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8(low)
- EG Risk
- 49(Track)EG Risk 49/100SSVC: Track
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).
How it’s computedSeverity98% × 45%Exploitation0% × 40%Automatability30% × 15%Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence. - EPSS PROB
- 0%
- EPSS %ILE
- 40%
- KEV
- Not listed
Published
March 5, 2026
Last Modified
June 17, 2026
Advisory Details (2)
Auto-updated Jul 27, 2026Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
github Patch Available
Windows cmd.exe parsing may bypass exec allowlist/approval gating · Advisory · openclaw/openclaw · GitHub
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-qj77-c3c8-9c3qgithub_commit
commit a7f4a53ce80c (openclaw/openclaw)
Fix landed in openclaw/openclaw commit a7f4a53ce80c — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a7f4a53ce80c98ba1452eb90802d447fca9bf3d6Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 2× in last 7d / 2× in last 30d)
Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.
- 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-27 13:51 UTCEG score recompute
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-78
- CVE-2009-20011EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2011-10017EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2012-1166EG 10.0EPSS p91HIGH
- CVE-2012-2976EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
- CVE-2012-2953EG 10.0EPSS p99HIGH
- CVE-2011-4502EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
- CVE-2011-2148EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
- CVE-2011-0382EG 10.0EPSS p90HIGH
- CVE-2011-0381EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
- CVE-2011-0372EG 10.0HIGH
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-28391?
CVE-2026-28391 is a critical vulnerability published on March 5, 2026. OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...%…
When was CVE-2026-28391 disclosed?
CVE-2026-28391 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 5, 2026, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-28391 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28391 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 60.1% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28391?
CVE-2026-28391 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD). The EG score is currently aggregating — additional source signals are being incorporated as they become available..
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28391?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-28391, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-28391
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-28391?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.