CVE-2026-28228

HIGHNVD 8.88.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 66% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

OpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. Prior to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5, an authenticated user with the Author role can inject Velocity directives into a reminder email template. When the reminder is processed (either triggered manually or via the daily cron job), the injected directives are evaluated server-side. By chaining Velocity's #set directive with Java reflection, an attacker can instantiate arbitrary Java classes such as java.lang.ProcessBuilder and execute operating system commands with the privileges of the Tomcat process (typically root in containerized deployments). This issue has been patched in versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8(medium)
EG Risk
40(Track)
EG Risk 40/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity88% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
34%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 30, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated May 23, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available

Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Velocity templates allows Remote Code Execution · Advisory · OpenOLAT/OpenOLAT · GitHub

https://github.com/OpenOLAT/OpenOLAT/security/advisories/GHSA-55qg-vvgj-ffh4

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 124 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
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  12. 2026-07-23 03:08 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  15. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  17. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-07-17 04:54 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  19. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-06-29 03:02 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  29. 2026-06-24 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
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  31. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore
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  33. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  37. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  39. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-17 17:53 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-14 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-11 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-07 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  58. 2026-06-07 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  61. 2026-06-05 22:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  63. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  65. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-02 20:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-02 20:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-01 05:13 UTCOSV refresh
  72. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28228?
CVE-2026-28228 is a high vulnerability published on March 30, 2026. OpenOlat is an open source web-based e-learning platform for teaching, learning, assessment and communication. Prior to versions 19.1.31, 20.1.18, and 20.2.5, an authenticated user with the Author role can inject Velocity directives into a reminder email template. When the reminder is processed…
When was CVE-2026-28228 disclosed?
CVE-2026-28228 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 30, 2026, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-28228 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28228 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 66.0% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28228?
CVE-2026-28228 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28228?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-28228, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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