CVE-2026-25726

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (31st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-18833 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Cloudreve is a self-hosted file management and sharing system. Prior to version 4.13.0, the application uses the weak pseudo-random number generator math/rand seeded with time.Now().UnixNano() to generate critical security secrets, including the secret_key, and hash_id_salt. These secrets are generated upon first startup and persisted in the database. An attacker can exploit this by obtaining the administrator's account creation time (via public API endpoints) to narrow the search window for the PRNG seed, and use known hashid to validate the seed. By brute-forcing the seed (demonstrated to take <3 hours on general consumer PC), an attacker can predict the secret_key. This allows them to forge valid JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) for any user, including administrators, leading to full account takeover and privilege escalation. This issue has been patched in version 4.13.0.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
31st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-29). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 3, 2026

Last Modified

July 24, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 17, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Account Takeover via Weak Cryptographic Token Generation (Insecure PRNG Seeding) · Advisory · cloudreve/cloudreve · GitHub

https://github.com/cloudreve/cloudreve/security/advisories/GHSA-f8xp-wvcx-p6f4
GitHub release Patch Available

4.13.0

Patch available: cloudreve/cloudreve 4.13.0

https://github.com/cloudreve/cloudreve/releases/tag/4.13.0

Affected Packages

(3 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/cloudreve/Cloudreve—
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
github.com/cloudreve/Cloudreve/v3—
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
github.com/cloudreve/Cloudreve/v4—
  • every version up to 4.0.0-20260205113604-ec9fdd33bc54: fixed in 4.0.0-20260205113604-ec9fdd33bc54
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 53× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 243 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 144 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  2. 2026-10-30 03:38 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 03:28 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 03:18 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  8. 2026-10-27 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 22:45 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 22:34 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 22:24 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-22 22:12 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  19. 2026-10-21 21:49 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  21. 2026-10-20 21:11 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  23. 2026-10-19 21:00 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  25. 2026-10-18 19:35 UTCEG score recompute
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 03:52 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-17 19:25 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  5. 2026-10-16 19:14 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 16:40 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  9. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  10. 2026-10-14 10:43 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  12. 2026-10-13 09:11 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  14. 2026-10-12 16:18 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 20:01 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 17:14 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 15:36 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-10-11 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  20. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  21. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  22. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  23. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  24. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  25. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  26. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  27. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  28. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  29. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  30. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  31. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  32. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  33. 2026-09-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  34. 2026-09-22 03:15 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  36. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  37. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  38. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  39. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  40. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  41. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  42. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  43. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  44. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  45. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  46. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  47. 2026-09-03 00:30 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  50. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  51. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  52. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  53. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  54. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  55. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  56. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  57. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  58. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  59. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  60. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  61. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  62. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 08:37 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  66. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  67. 2026-08-14 05:41 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  69. 2026-08-12 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  71. 2026-08-11 20:16 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  73. 2026-08-11 03:25 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-25726?
CVE-2026-25726 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 3, 2026. Cloudreve is a self-hosted file management and sharing system. Prior to version 4.13.0, the application uses the weak pseudo-random number generator math/rand seeded with time.Now().UnixNano() to generate critical security secrets, including the secretkey, and hashidsalt. These secrets are…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-25726 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-25726 was published on April 3, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-25726 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-25726 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (31st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-25726?
CVE-2026-25726 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-25726?
A fix for CVE-2026-25726 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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