CVE-2026-16445

HIGHPre-NVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-07-21. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — Patch released this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-46253 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-4672-282m-8fgr (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 3.2%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in dracut. A remote attacker on the adjacent network can exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted DHCP options, such as a malicious root-path, next-server, or bootfile name, to a system using dracut's NetworkManager-based initrd network module. These options are improperly handled and written into a temporary shell script without proper escaping, leading to command injection. This allows the attacker to achieve root code execution within the initramfs during system boot.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation3.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
3.2%
EPSS %ILE
88th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
3.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-30). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 21, 2026

Last Modified

October 30, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jul 21, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat, github_commit.
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit e509c638e6 (dracutdevs/dracut)

Patch available: dracutdevs/dracut 056 (contains commit e509c638e6)

https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/commit/e509c638e6
Red Hat

2503147 – (CVE-2026-16445) CVE-2026-16445 dracut: dracut: Root code execution via DHCP options command injection in NetworkManager initrd module

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2503147
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

2459963 – (CVE-2026-6893) CVE-2026-6893 dracut: dracut: Root code execution via DHCP options command injection

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2459963
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-16445
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26534

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntudracut-network (044+3-3ubuntu0.1~esm1) @ xenial2026-10-30ubuntu
redhatrhcos-412.86.202610250235-02026-10-27redhat
redhatdracut-0:049-138.git20220131.el8_4.12026-09-21redhat
redhatdracut-0:049-203.git20220511.el8_6.12026-09-21redhat
redhatdracut-0:049-223.git20230119.el8_8.12026-08-31redhat
redhatdracut-main-109-7.hum12026-07-16redhat
redhatdracut-0:049-244.git20260529.el8_102026-06-17redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
dracut051-1 ... 112-1 (97 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
dracut059+212-1 ... 112-6 (82 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
dracut106-6 ... 112-6 (50 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
dracut106-6 ... 111-6 (44 versions)
  • every version up to 112-1: fixed in 112-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 23× in last 7d / 56× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 380 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 280 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.2% · 88th percentile
  2. 2026-10-30 18:27 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-30 18:27 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-30 18:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  5. 2026-10-30 17:31 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-30 17:31 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-30 17:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  8. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.2% · 88th percentile
  9. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.2% · 88th percentile
  10. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.2% · 88th percentile
  11. 2026-10-27 22:28 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-27 22:28 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-27 22:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  14. 2026-10-27 21:59 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-27 21:59 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-27 21:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  17. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  18. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  19. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  20. 2026-10-25 14:46 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-24 21:22 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-24 21:22 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-24 21:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  24. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  25. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  2. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  3. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  4. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  5. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  6. 2026-10-18 04:00 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-17 18:04 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 18:04 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-17 18:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  10. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  12. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  13. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  14. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  15. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 20:09 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 17:21 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 14:54 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  21. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  22. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  23. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  24. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  25. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  26. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  27. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  28. 2026-10-04 14:50 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-04 14:50 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-04 14:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  31. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  32. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  33. 2026-10-01 07:31 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-01 07:31 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-01 07:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  36. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  37. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  38. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  39. 2026-09-28 06:11 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-28 06:11 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-09-28 06:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  42. 2026-09-27 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  43. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  44. 2026-09-24 03:24 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-24 03:24 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-09-24 03:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  47. 2026-09-23 01:27 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-23 01:27 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-09-23 01:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  50. 2026-09-21 04:22 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-21 04:22 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-09-21 04:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  53. 2026-09-21 03:20 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-21 03:20 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-09-21 03:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  56. 2026-09-20 05:59 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-20 05:59 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-09-20 05:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  59. 2026-09-19 00:23 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-19 00:23 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-09-19 00:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  62. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  63. 2026-09-18 03:51 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-09-18 03:51 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-09-18 03:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  66. 2026-09-17 05:07 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-09-17 05:07 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-09-17 05:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  69. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  70. 2026-09-16 12:40 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-09-16 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-09-16 12:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  73. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  74. 2026-09-14 05:27 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-09-14 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4672-282m-8fgr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-16445?
CVE-2026-16445 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 21, 2026. A flaw was found in dracut. A remote attacker on the adjacent network can exploit this vulnerability by providing specially crafted DHCP options, such as a malicious root-path, next-server, or bootfile name, to a system using dracut's NetworkManager-based initrd network module. These options are…
When was CVE-2026-16445 made public?
CVE-2026-16445 was made public on July 21, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on July 21, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 30, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-16445 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-16445 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 3.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (88th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-16445?
CVE-2026-16445 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-16445?
A fix for CVE-2026-16445 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-16445 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-16445

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-16445?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.