CVE-2026-12988

MEDIUMPre-NVD 6.46.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 6.4 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2026-07-14. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 6.4; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
Elevated
6.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 6.4Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

The CVE record's CNA (WPScan) lists WP 2FA versions before 3.1.1.2 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

The WP 2FA WordPress plugin before 3.1.1.2 does not verify that the email address supplied during two-factor authentication setup belongs to the user, allowing an attacker who has obtained a user's credentials to redirect the setup verification code to an attacker-controlled email address and take over the account.

CVSS v3
6.4
EG Score
6.4MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
45
EG Risk 45/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity64% × 45%
The EG Score, 6.4 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
18th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 14, 2026

Last Modified

July 14, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

WP 2FA < 3.1.1.2 – Account Takeover via 2FA Setup Email Binding | CVE 2026-12988 | Plugin Vulnerabilities

https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/8aa6bf91-54ee-4326-a477-31f42284be22/

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-12988(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 171 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 71 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:36 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 20:12 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 18:24 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 14:57 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  16. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  17. 2026-10-01 13:30 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-01 13:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  19. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  20. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  22. 2026-09-28 09:24 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-09-28 09:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  24. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 09:56 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-24 09:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  2. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  3. 2026-09-23 04:13 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-09-23 04:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  5. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  6. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  7. 2026-09-18 04:58 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-09-18 04:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  9. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  10. 2026-09-14 06:59 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-14 06:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  12. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  13. 2026-09-13 07:56 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-09-13 07:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  15. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  16. 2026-09-12 01:48 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-09-12 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  18. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  19. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  20. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  21. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  22. 2026-09-08 01:50 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-09-08 01:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  24. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  25. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  26. 2026-09-05 21:20 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-05 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  28. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  29. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  30. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  31. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  32. 2026-08-31 05:49 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-08-31 05:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  34. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  35. 2026-08-30 05:26 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-30 05:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  37. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  38. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  39. 2026-08-27 23:10 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-27 23:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  41. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  42. 2026-08-27 00:04 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-27 00:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  44. 2026-08-25 19:14 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-25 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  46. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  47. 2026-08-24 19:55 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-24 19:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  49. 2026-08-23 20:52 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-08-23 20:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  51. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  52. 2026-08-22 21:49 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-08-22 21:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  54. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  55. 2026-08-21 22:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  56. 2026-08-20 23:42 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-20 23:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  58. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  59. 2026-08-20 00:38 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-20 00:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  61. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  62. 2026-08-18 20:22 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-18 20:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  64. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  65. 2026-08-17 15:50 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-17 15:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  67. 2026-08-16 16:47 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-16 16:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  69. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  70. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  71. 2026-08-15 17:44 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-15 17:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  73. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  74. 2026-08-14 18:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ghqr-w463-c6wr · GitHub CVSS 6.4
  75. 2026-08-13 19:37 UTCEG score recompute

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-12988?
CVE-2026-12988 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 14, 2026. The WP 2FA WordPress plugin before 3.1.1.2 does not verify that the email address supplied during two-factor authentication setup belongs to the user, allowing an attacker who has obtained a user's credentials to redirect the setup verification code to an attacker-controlled email address and take…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-12988 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-12988 was published on July 14, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-12988 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-12988 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (18th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-12988?
CVE-2026-12988 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.4 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-12988?
No fix for CVE-2026-12988 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The CVE record's CNA (WPScan) lists WP 2FA versions before 3.1.1.2 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-12988 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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