Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.1 through 2.9.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in firewall_rules.php that allows remote attackers to inject script via the unencoded if parameter. When the non-default Require Firewall Interface option is enabled, attackers can lure users with firewall rules privileges into opening a crafted GET link to execute script in the WebGUI with their privileges.
CVE-2026-111233
MEDIUMNVD 6.16.1Trending — 5 sources updated this weekElevatedEG-KEV Tier 3: ElevatedEG-KEV is EchelonGraph's own tiering of exploitation signals from CISA KEV, CISA's SSVC data (Vulnrichment), ransomware data, public exploit-code references and EPSS.Tier 3 is not evidence of exploitation. It means public exploit code is referenced, or CISA's SSVC data says "public PoC", or EPSS ranks the CVE in the top 5%.Signals for this CVE: CISA's SSVC exploitation value: public PoC.EchelonGraph confidence 38%: a heuristic from the tier and the number of signals, not a measured probability.
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
This medium-severity CVE scores 6.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.1% (64th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 4.7 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2026-10-15) is not newer than that change (2026-10-19), so it does not.
Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
6.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.1%CVSS: 6.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed
No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.
The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Netgate pfSense CE versions 2.7.1 up to and including 2.9.0 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.
- CVSS v3
- 6.1
- EG Score
- 6.1MEDIUMmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 43EG Risk 43/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity61% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. - EPSS PROB
- 1.1%
- EPSS %ILE
- 64th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (6.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 6.1 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 1.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
October 15, 2026
Last Modified
October 19, 2026
Advisory Details (5)
Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026No fix on record yet.
Web page
Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.1 through 2.9.0 Reflected XSS via firewall_rules.php | Advisories | VulnCheck
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-2.7.1-through-2.9.0-reflected-xss-via-firewall-rules-phpWeb page
pfsense/src/usr/local/www/firewall_rules.php at 9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9 · pfsense/pfsense · GitHub
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/www/firewall_rules.php#L391Web page
pfsense/src/usr/local/www/firewall_rules.php at 9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9 · pfsense/pfsense · GitHub
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/www/firewall_rules.php#L138-L146Web page
GitHub - abraxas/pfsense-rules-if-xss: pfSense CE 2.9.0-DEVELOPMENT - Medium - Remote - XSS - firewall_rules GET if · GitHub
https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-rules-if-xssWeb page
pfSense CE leftovers, part 1: the pin that is not RELEASE · Abraxas Labs
https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftoversVendor Advisories for CVE-2026-111233(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 17× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
- 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
- 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
- 2026-10-19 20:48 UTCEG score recompute▲ 1.40
- 2026-10-19 20:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hvrf-cf2c-3rqh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.7
- 2026-10-19 20:45 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 6.1
- 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
- 2026-10-18 05:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
- 2026-10-15 23:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 23:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hvrf-cf2c-3rqh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.7
- 2026-10-15 20:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 19:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 19:01 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 4.7 MEDIUM
- 2026-10-15 18:57 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked
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Same CWE
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Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-111233?
CVE-2026-111233 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 15, 2026. Netgate pfSense CE 2.7.1 through 2.9.0 contains a reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in firewall_rules.php that allows remote attackers to inject script via the unencoded if parameter. When the non-default Require Firewall Interface option is enabled, attackers can lure users with…
When was CVE-2026-111233 made public?
CVE-2026-111233 was made public on October 15, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on October 15, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-111233 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-111233 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (64th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-111233?
CVE-2026-111233 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-111233?
No fix for CVE-2026-111233 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Netgate pfSense CE versions 2.7.1 up to and including 2.9.0 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-111233 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-111233
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