pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and shell metacharacters to break out of the eval'd pfctl anchor name on connect or disconnect.
CVE-2026-111224
HIGHPre-NVD 7.57.5Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevatedEG-KEV Tier 3: ElevatedEG-KEV is EchelonGraph's own tiering of exploitation signals from CISA KEV, CISA's SSVC data (Vulnrichment), ransomware data, public exploit-code references and EPSS.Tier 3 is not evidence of exploitation. It means public exploit code is referenced, or CISA's SSVC data says "public PoC", or EPSS ranks the CVE in the top 5%.Signals for this CVE: CISA's SSVC exploitation value: public PoC.EchelonGraph confidence 38%: a heuristic from the tier and the number of signals, not a measured probability.
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-10-15. The CNA's CVSS baseline 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.
Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: the CNA's CVSS, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 5.4%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed
No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.
The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Netgate pfSense CE versions up to and including 2.9.0 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.
- CVSS v3
- 7.5
- EG Score
- 7.5HIGHhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 36EG Risk 36/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity75% × 45%The EG Score, 7.5 of 10.Exploitation5.4% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. - EPSS PROB
- 5.4%
- EPSS %ILE
- 92nd
- KEV
- Not listed
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
October 15, 2026
Last Modified
October 16, 2026
Advisory Details (4)
Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026No fix on record yet.
Web page
Netgate pfSense CE through 2.9.0 OS Command Injection via openvpn.connect_async.sh | Advisories | VulnCheck
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgate-pfsense-ce-through-2.9.0-os-command-injection-via-openvpn-connect-async-shWeb page
pfsense/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.connect_async.sh at 9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9 · pfsense/pfsense · GitHub
https://github.com/pfsense/pfsense/blob/9363ac5b8651a1c7a333180425ce7719070f95f9/src/usr/local/sbin/openvpn.connect_async.sh#L83-L114Web page
pfSense CE leftovers, part 1: the pin that is not RELEASE · Abraxas Labs
https://abraxaslabs.tech/research/pfsense-ce-leftoversWeb page
GitHub - abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-connect-eval: pfSense CE 2.9.0-DEVELOPMENT - High - Remote - RCE - OpenVPN connect eval · GitHub
https://github.com/abraxas/pfsense-ovpn-connect-evalVendor Advisories for CVE-2026-111224(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 8× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
- 2026-10-16 17:22 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 17:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x2xf-vqvc-49xv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 5.4% · 92nd percentile
- 2026-10-15 21:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x2xf-vqvc-49xv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-15 19:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 19:01 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 7.5 HIGH
- 2026-10-15 18:57 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-78
- CVE-2026-111225EG 5.0MEDIUM
- CVE-2026-111226EG 7.2EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2026-111218EG 7.2EPSS p95HIGH
- CVE-2026-111217EG 7.2EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2026-111229EG 7.2EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2026-111216EG 7.2EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2026-111215EG 7.2EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2026-111214EG 7.2EPSS p95HIGH
- CVE-2026-110957EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2026-111451EG 7.8HIGH
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-111224?
CVE-2026-111224 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 15, 2026. pfSense CE through 2.9.0 contains an OS command injection vulnerability in the OpenVPN openvpn.connect_async.sh script that allows authenticated VPN users to execute commands as root via crafted usernames. Attackers authenticated through RADIUS or LDAP can use usernames containing single quotes and…
When was CVE-2026-111224 made public?
CVE-2026-111224 was made public on October 15, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on October 15, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 16, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-111224 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-111224 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 5.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (92nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-111224?
CVE-2026-111224 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (the CNA's own assessment, by vulncheck; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-111224?
No fix for CVE-2026-111224 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Netgate pfSense CE versions up to and including 2.9.0 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-111224 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-111224
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