CVE-2026-109449

HIGHPre-NVD 8.78.7
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.7 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (43rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
8.7EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 8.7Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

In Symfony Expression Language versions prior to 5.4.54, 6.4.48, 7.4.21, and 8.1.9, the parser of the ExpressionLanguage component built its node tree with no bound on its depth. An expression made of tens of thousands of nested unary operators, array literals, binary operators or property accesses crashed the PHP process, while the tree was being freed.

#[Assert\ExpressionSyntax] passes the validated value to ExpressionLanguage::lint(), so an application validating expressions written by its users could be crashed by a single request, and so could any code parsing untrusted expressions.

This issue affects symfony/expression-language through v5.4.53, v6.0.0-BETA1 through v6.4.47, v7.0.0-BETA1 through v7.4.20, and v8.0.0-BETA1 through v8.1.8.

CVSS v3
8.7
EG Score
8.7HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
54
EG Risk 54/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity87% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.7 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
43rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.7): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.7 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.7 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-20). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 15, 2026

Last Modified

October 16, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026
Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: github, github_pr.
GitHub pull request

[ExpressionLanguage] Bound the depth of the parsed node tree

Fix merged in symfony/symfony PR #66723 on 2026-10-09 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/symfony/symfony/pull/66723
GitHub pull request

[ExpressionLanguage] Fix nesting level of chained ternaries

Fix merged in symfony/symfony PR #66720 on 2026-10-09 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/symfony/symfony/pull/66720
GitHub pull request

[ExpressionLanguage] Bound the nesting level of parsed expressions

Fix merged in symfony/symfony PR #65690 on 2026-08-29 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/symfony/symfony/pull/65690
Web page

CVE-2026-109449: Unbounded Nesting in the Expression Parser Lets Untrusted Expressions Crash the Process (Symfony Blog)

https://symfony.com/blog/cve-2026-109449-unbounded-nesting-in-the-expression-parser-lets-untrusted-expressions-crash-the-process
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Unbounded Nesting in the Expression Parser Lets Untrusted Expressions Crash the Process · Advisory · symfony/symfony · GitHub

https://github.com/symfony/symfony/security/advisories/GHSA-7rpj-w9pf-39rr

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 13× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

  1. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-20 19:10 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-18 05:06 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-15 19:31 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-15 18:26 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-15 15:38 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 8.7 HIGH
  13. 2026-10-15 15:37 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-109449?
CVE-2026-109449 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 15, 2026. In Symfony Expression Language versions prior to 5.4.54, 6.4.48, 7.4.21, and 8.1.9, the parser of the ExpressionLanguage component built its node tree with no bound on its depth. An expression made of tens of thousands of nested unary operators, array literals, binary operators or property accesses…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-109449 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-109449 was published on October 15, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 16, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-109449 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-109449 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (43rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-109449?
CVE-2026-109449 has a CVSS base score of 8.7 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-109449?
A fix for CVE-2026-109449 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-109449

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-109449?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.