Raptor RDF Syntax Library from 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in raptor_new_term_from_counted_literal() caused by truncating language tag length to an unsigned char. Attackers can supply Turtle, TriG, N-Triples or N-Quads documents with language tags of 256 bytes or longer to corrupt heap memory, crash applications, and possibly execute code.
CVE-2025-71436
HIGHPre-NVD 7.17.1Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevatedEG-KEV Tier 3: ElevatedEG-KEV is EchelonGraph's own tiering of exploitation signals from CISA KEV, CISA's SSVC data (Vulnrichment), ransomware data, public exploit-code references and EPSS.Tier 3 is not evidence of exploitation. It means public exploit code is referenced, or CISA's SSVC data says "public PoC", or EPSS ranks the CVE in the top 5%.Signals for this CVE: CISA's SSVC exploitation value: public PoC.EchelonGraph confidence 38%: a heuristic from the tier and the number of signals, not a measured probability.
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
Score 7.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-10-20. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.1; sources differ by 0.0.
Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
7.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 7.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed
An upstream fix is merged but not yet released — mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation) until the release ships, then apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.1
- EG Score
- 7.1HIGHhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 48EG Risk 48/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity71% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines until it ships, then apply the release. - EPSS PROB
- 0.5%
- EPSS %ILE
- 42nd
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
An upstream fix is merged but not yet in a tagged release. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines until it ships, then apply the release.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
October 20, 2026
Last Modified
October 20, 2026
Advisory Details (5)
Auto-updated Oct 20, 2026Upstream fix merged — awaiting tagged release. Sources: github_commit.
Web page
Raptor RDF Syntax Library 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 Heap Buffer Overflow via Language Tag | Advisories | VulnCheck
https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/raptor-rdf-syntax-library-2.0.15-through-2.0.16-heap-buffer-overflow-via-language-tagWeb page
raptor/src/raptor_term.c at raptor2_2_0_16 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub
https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/blob/raptor2_2_0_16/src/raptor_term.c#L270-L287Web page
raptor/src/raptor_term.c at raptor2_2_0_16 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub
https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/blob/raptor2_2_0_16/src/raptor_term.c#L200-L218GitHub commit
commit 361a803a7281 (dajobe/raptor)
Fix landed in dajobe/raptor commit 361a803a7281 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/commit/361a803a72817ae771db2438277229e6541e1575Web page
Various crashes, including security sensitive issues (heap overflows, invalid memory accesses, double free) · Issue #83 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub
https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/issues/83Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-71436(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 10× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
- 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
- 2026-10-20 20:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 20:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-20 17:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 16:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 16:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 15:49 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 7.1 HIGH
- 2026-10-20 15:47 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2025-71436?
CVE-2025-71436 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 20, 2026. Raptor RDF Syntax Library from 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in raptornewtermfromcounted_literal() caused by truncating language tag length to an unsigned char. Attackers can supply Turtle, TriG, N-Triples or N-Quads documents with language tags of 256…
When was CVE-2025-71436 made public?
CVE-2025-71436 was made public on October 18, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on October 20, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 20, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-71436 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-71436 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (42nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-71436?
CVE-2025-71436 has a CVSS base score of 7.1 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-71436?
An upstream fix for CVE-2025-71436 has been merged but is not yet in a tagged release. Until it ships, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation, then update to the release that contains the fix. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-71436 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-71436
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-71436?
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