CVE-2025-71201

HIGHNVD 7.17.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-02-14. NVD baseline CVSS 7.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
7.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfs: Fix early read unlock of page with EOF in middle

The read result collection for buffered reads seems to run ahead of the completion of subrequests under some circumstances, as can be seen in the following log snippet:

9p_client_res: client 18446612686390831168 response P9_TREAD tag 0 err 0 ... netfs_sreq: R=00001b55[1] DOWN TERM f=192 s=0 5fb2/5fb2 s=5 e=0 ... netfs_collect_folio: R=00001b55 ix=00004 r=4000-5000 t=4000/5fb2 netfs_folio: i=157f3 ix=00004-00004 read-done netfs_folio: i=157f3 ix=00004-00004 read-unlock netfs_collect_folio: R=00001b55 ix=00005 r=5000-5fb2 t=5000/5fb2 netfs_folio: i=157f3 ix=00005-00005 read-done netfs_folio: i=157f3 ix=00005-00005 read-unlock ... netfs_collect_stream: R=00001b55[0:] cto=5fb2 frn=ffffffff netfs_collect_state: R=00001b55 col=5fb2 cln=6000 n=c netfs_collect_stream: R=00001b55[0:] cto=5fb2 frn=ffffffff netfs_collect_state: R=00001b55 col=5fb2 cln=6000 n=8 ... netfs_sreq: R=00001b55[2] ZERO SUBMT f=000 s=5fb2 0/4e s=0 e=0 netfs_sreq: R=00001b55[2] ZERO TERM f=102 s=5fb2 4e/4e s=5 e=0

The 'cto=5fb2' indicates the collected file pos we've collected results to so far - but we still have 0x4e more bytes to go - so we shouldn't have collected folio ix=00005 yet. The 'ZERO' subreq that clears the tail happens after we unlock the folio, allowing the application to see the uncleared tail through mmap.

The problem is that netfs_read_unlock_folios() will unlock a folio in which the amount of read results collected hits EOF position - but the ZERO subreq lies beyond that and so happens after.

Fix this by changing the end check to always be the end of the folio and never the end of the file.

In the future, I should look at clearing to the end of the folio here rather than adding a ZERO subreq to do this. On the other hand, the ZERO subreq can run in parallel with an async READ subreq. Further, the ZERO subreq may still be necessary to, say, handle extents in a ceph file that don't have any backing store and are thus implicitly all zeros.

This can be reproduced by creating a file, the size of which doesn't align to a page boundary, e.g. 24998 (0x5fb2) bytes and then doing something like:

xfs_io -c "mmap -r 0 0x6000" -c "madvise -d 0 0x6000" \ -c "mread -v 0 0x6000" /xfstest.test/x

The last 0x4e bytes should all be 00, but if the tail hasn't been cleared yet, you may see rubbish there. This can be reproduced with kafs by modifying the kernel to disable the call to netfs_read_subreq_progress() and to stop afs_issue_read() from doing the async call for NETFS_READAHEAD. Reproduction can be made easier by inserting an mdelay(100) in netfs_issue_read() for the ZERO-subreq case.

AFS and CIFS are normally unlikely to show this as they dispatch READ ops asynchronously, which allows the ZERO-subreq to finish first. 9P's READ op is completely synchronous, so the ZERO-subreq will always happen after. It isn't seen all the time, though, because the collection may be done in a worker thread.

CVSS v3
7.1
EG Score
7.1HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
32
EG Risk 32/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity71% × 45%
The EG Score, 7.1 of 10.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 14, 2026

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jul 31, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

netfs: Fix early read unlock of page with EOF in middle - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5482c0e5ee740b35a70759d3582477aea8e8e4
Web page

netfs: Fix early read unlock of page with EOF in middle - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/570ad253a3455a520f03c2136af8714bc780186d

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-71201(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_12025-11-11redhat
linuxKernel @ 6.18.6 (fixes >=6.14.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.18~rc7-1~exp1 (96 versions)
  • every version up to 6.18.8-1: fixed in 6.18.8-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(5)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 30× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 201 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 102 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:45 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-11 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 18:32 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 15:07 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  11. 2026-10-09 07:58 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  13. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  14. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  15. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  16. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  17. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
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  21. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  24. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-09-19 15:03 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  3. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  5. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  6. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  9. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  10. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  11. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  12. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  13. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  14. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  15. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  16. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  17. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  18. 2026-08-31 18:34 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  20. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  21. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  22. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
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  24. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  25. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  26. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  27. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  28. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  29. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  30. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  31. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  32. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  33. 2026-08-14 22:31 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-08-14 22:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  35. 2026-08-14 10:05 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-14 10:05 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-08-14 10:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  38. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  39. 2026-08-13 02:23 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-13 02:23 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-08-13 02:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  42. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  43. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  44. 2026-08-11 07:55 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-11 07:55 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-08-11 07:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  47. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  48. 2026-08-10 02:55 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-08-10 02:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  50. 2026-08-09 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-09 14:39 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-08-09 14:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  53. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  54. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  55. 2026-08-08 10:05 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-08-08 10:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  57. 2026-08-07 21:56 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-08-07 21:56 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-08-07 21:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  60. 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  61. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  62. 2026-08-06 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-06 03:48 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-06 03:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  65. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  66. 2026-08-05 12:45 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-05 12:45 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-08-05 12:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  69. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  70. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  71. 2026-08-02 20:36 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-02 20:36 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-08-02 20:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-58pr-f4q3-x425 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  74. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-71201?
CVE-2025-71201 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 14, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfs: Fix early read unlock of page with EOF in middle The read result collection for buffered reads seems to run ahead of the completion of subrequests under some circumstances, as can be seen in the following log snippet:…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-71201 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-71201 was published on February 14, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 5, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-71201 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-71201 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-71201?
CVE-2025-71201 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-71201?
A fix for CVE-2025-71201 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-71201 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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