CVE-2025-61588

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.39.3—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.3 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.1%, top 69% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.3
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 9.3Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

CVSS v3
9.3
EG Score
9.3(medium)
EPSS
34.8%
KEV
Not listed

Published

October 2, 2025

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

References (3)

Affected Packages

(4 across 1 ecosystem)
crates.io(4)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
risc0-aggregation—0.9—
risc0-zkos-v1compat—2.1.0—
risc0-zkvm—3.0.3—
risc0-zkvm-platform—2.1.0—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  23. 2026-06-26 03:46 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-08 15:27 UTCEG score recompute▲ 9.30
  26. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
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  28. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  30. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-02 12:25 UTCOSV refresh
  41. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  43. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  45. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  47. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  64. 2026-05-21 22:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-05-21 07:02 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  68. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-61588?
CVE-2025-61588 is a critical vulnerability published on October 2, 2025. RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sysread, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the…
When was CVE-2025-61588 disclosed?
CVE-2025-61588 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on October 2, 2025, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-61588 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-61588 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 34.8% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-61588?
CVE-2025-61588 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-61588?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-61588, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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