CVE-2025-54878

HIGHNVD 8.68.6—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.6 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 69% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
8.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 8.6Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in NASA CryptoLib version 1.4.0 and prior in the IV setup logic for telecommand frames. The problem arises from missing bounds checks when copying the Initialization Vector (IV) into a freshly allocated buffer. An attacker can supply a crafted TC frame that causes the library to write one byte past the end of the heap buffer, leading to heap corruption and undefined behaviour. An attacker supplying a malformed telecommand frame can corrupt heap memory. This leads to undefined behaviour, which could manifest itself as a crash (denial of service) or more severe exploitation. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.0.

CVSS v3
8.6
EG Score
8.6(medium)
EG Risk
70(Attend)
EG Risk 70/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity86% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
33%
KEV
Not listed

Published

August 11, 2025

Last Modified

August 27, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Sep 2, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Heap Buffer Overflow in NASA CryptoLib 1.4.0 `Crypto_TC_Check_IV_Setup` · Advisory · nasa/CryptoLib · GitHub

https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/security/advisories/GHSA-9qph-pxfm-q9g4
github_commit Patch Available

commit 9b5b294ec09d (nasa/CryptoLib)

Patch available: nasa/CryptoLib v1.4.1 (contains commit 9b5b294ec09d)

https://github.com/nasa/CryptoLib/commit/9b5b294ec09da450d2d4d05aea2db604ead48be1

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 32× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 150 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  4. 2026-08-25 06:26 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-08 23:55 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescore
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  39. 2026-07-23 23:11 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-23 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  72. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-54878?
CVE-2025-54878 is a high vulnerability published on August 11, 2025. CryptoLib provides a software-only solution using the CCSDS Space Data Link Security Protocol - Extended Procedures (SDLS-EP) to secure communications between a spacecraft running the core Flight System (cFS) and a ground station. A heap buffer overflow vulnerability exists in NASA CryptoLib…
When was CVE-2025-54878 disclosed?
CVE-2025-54878 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on August 11, 2025, with the most recent update on August 27, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-54878 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-54878 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 67.2% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54878?
CVE-2025-54878 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.6 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-54878?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-54878, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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