CVE-2025-54415

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6%, top 54% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow® to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when triggered by pull_request_target, is susceptible to exploitation, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the GitHub Actions runner environment. This misconfiguration enables an attacker to establish a reverse shell, exfiltrate sensitive secrets, including the highly-privileged GITHUB_TOKEN, and ultimately gain full control over the repository. This is fixed in version 0.23.0a9.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1(medium)
EG Risk
72(Attend)
EG Risk 72/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity91% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
1%
EPSS %ILE
49%
KEV
Not listed

Published

July 26, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_pr, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Repository Takeover and Secret Exfiltration · Advisory · astronomer/dag-factory · GitHub

https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/security/advisories/GHSA-g5hx-xv45-9whg
github_pr Patch Available

Update cicd.yaml: Use pull_request for authorize as we don't have pull_request_target event configured

Patch available: astronomer/dag-factory v0.23.0a9 (PR #466 merged 2025-07-09)

https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/466
github_pr Patch Available

Add Authorize Job in CI

Patch available: astronomer/dag-factory v0.23.0a9 (PR #460 merged 2025-07-07)

https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/pull/460
github_commit Patch Available

commit 751c0e58369e (astronomer/dag-factory)

Patch available: astronomer/dag-factory v0.23.0a9 (contains commit 751c0e58369e)

https://github.com/astronomer/dag-factory/commit/751c0e58369e784f6a924347e381a705ea8133fe

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 32× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 185 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-21 06:49 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-19 15:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-02 04:28 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-24 09:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-16 06:29 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-31 23:42 UTCOSV refresh
  33. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-07-23 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-14 06:55 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-02 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-54415?
CVE-2025-54415 is a critical vulnerability published on July 26, 2025. dag-factory is a library for Apache Airflow® to construct DAGs declaratively via configuration files. In versions 0.23.0a8 and below, a high-severity vulnerability has been identified in the cicd.yml workflow within the astronomer/dag-factory GitHub repository. The workflow, specifically when…
When was CVE-2025-54415 disclosed?
CVE-2025-54415 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on July 26, 2025, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-54415 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-54415 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 51.5% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54415?
CVE-2025-54415 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-54415?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-54415, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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