CVE-2025-41259

HIGHPre-NVD 7.37.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.3 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.1% (below the 1st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-210052 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.3Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.

CVSS v3
7.3
EG Score
7.3HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
49
EG Risk 49/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity73% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
below the 1st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-26). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 3, 2026

Last Modified

July 22, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 11, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

advisories/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU at public · sbaresearch/advisories · GitHub

https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20251206-01_SWUpdate_Untrusted_Script_Execution_via_Signed_Update_TOCTOU
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit f4bd64260e23 (sbabic/swupdate)

Patch available: sbabic/swupdate 2026.05 (contains commit f4bd64260e23)

https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate/commit/f4bd64260e233e207354d68d572b1cbc3e63689d
Web page

GitHub - sbabic/swupdate: Software Update for Embedded Systems · GitHub

https://github.com/sbabic/swupdate

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-41259(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
swupdate2020.11-2 ... 2026.05.1+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (69 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
swupdate2022.12+dfsg-4 ... 2026.05.1+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (55 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
swupdate2024.12.1+dfsg-3 ... 2026.05.1+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (29 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
swupdate2024.12.1+dfsg-3 ... 2025.12+dfsg-9 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 2026.05+dfsg-1: fixed in 2026.05+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 270 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 172 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  2. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  3. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  4. 2026-10-27 11:47 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-27 11:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  6. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  7. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  8. 2026-10-25 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  10. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  11. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  12. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 15:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  14. 2026-10-18 05:34 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  16. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  17. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  18. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  19. 2026-10-12 17:05 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  21. 2026-10-11 20:38 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 18:49 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 15:26 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  25. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  2. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  3. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  4. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  5. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  6. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  7. 2026-10-03 12:39 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  9. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  10. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  11. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  12. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  13. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  14. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  15. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  16. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  17. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  18. 2026-09-14 05:37 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-14 05:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  20. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  21. 2026-09-12 23:36 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  23. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  24. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  25. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  26. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  27. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  28. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  29. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  30. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  31. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  32. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  33. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  34. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  35. 2026-08-25 03:40 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-25 03:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  37. 2026-08-24 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  38. 2026-08-23 13:35 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-23 13:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  40. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  41. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  42. 2026-08-21 14:43 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-21 14:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  44. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  45. 2026-08-20 21:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  46. 2026-08-20 10:05 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-20 10:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  48. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  49. 2026-08-17 15:52 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-08-17 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  51. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  52. 2026-08-17 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  53. 2026-08-16 14:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  54. 2026-08-16 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-16 02:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  56. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  57. 2026-08-15 14:49 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-08-15 14:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  59. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  60. 2026-08-14 22:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  61. 2026-08-14 10:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  62. 2026-08-13 23:13 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-13 23:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  64. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  65. 2026-08-13 01:10 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-13 01:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  67. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  68. 2026-08-12 13:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  69. 2026-08-12 01:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  70. 2026-08-11 14:11 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-11 14:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  72. 2026-08-11 02:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH
  73. 2026-08-10 15:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pmf3-4g49-qvxm · GitHub severity HIGH

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-41259?
CVE-2025-41259 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 3, 2026. SWUpdate before 2026.05 is affected by a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition that allows local unprivileged attackers to escalate privileges to root or install untrusted contents using a signed update.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-41259 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-41259 was published on June 3, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 22, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-41259 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-41259 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (below the 1st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-41259?
CVE-2025-41259 has a CVSS base score of 7.3 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-41259?
A fix for CVE-2025-41259 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-41259 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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