CVE-2025-39868

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-09-23. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2025-30857 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

erofs: fix runtime warning on truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals()

Commit 0e2f80afcfa6("fs/dax: ensure all pages are idle prior to filesystem unmount") introduced the WARN_ON_ONCE to capture whether the filesystem has removed all DAX entries or not and applied the fix to xfs and ext4.

Apply the missed fix on erofs to fix the runtime warning:

[ 5.266254] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 5.266274] WARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 3109 at mm/truncate.c:89 truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals+0xff/0x260 [ 5.266294] Modules linked in: [ 5.266999] CPU: 6 UID: 0 PID: 3109 Comm: umount Tainted: G S 6.16.0+ #6 PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 5.267012] Tainted: [S]=CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC [ 5.267017] Hardware name: Dell Inc. OptiPlex 5000/05WXFV, BIOS 1.5.1 08/24/2022 [ 5.267024] RIP: 0010:truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals+0xff/0x260 [ 5.267076] Code: 00 00 41 39 df 7f 11 eb 78 83 c3 01 49 83 c4 08 41 39 df 74 6c 48 63 f3 48 83 fe 1f 0f 83 3c 01 00 00 43 f6 44 26 08 01 74 df <0f> 0b 4a 8b 34 22 4c 89 ef 48 89 55 90 e8 ff 54 1f 00 48 8b 55 90 [ 5.267083] RSP: 0018:ffffc900013f36c8 EFLAGS: 00010202 [ 5.267095] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 5.267101] RDX: ffffc900013f3790 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff8882a1407898 [ 5.267108] RBP: ffffc900013f3740 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 [ 5.267113] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000000 [ 5.267119] R13: ffff8882a1407ab8 R14: ffffc900013f3888 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 5.267125] FS: 00007aaa8b437800(0000) GS:ffff88850025b000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 5.267132] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 5.267138] CR2: 00007aaa8b3aac10 CR3: 000000024f764000 CR4: 0000000000f52ef0 [ 5.267144] PKRU: 55555554 [ 5.267150] Call Trace: [ 5.267154] [ 5.267181] truncate_inode_pages_range+0x118/0x5e0 [ 5.267193] ? save_trace+0x54/0x390 [ 5.267296] truncate_inode_pages_final+0x43/0x60 [ 5.267309] evict+0x2a4/0x2c0 [ 5.267339] dispose_list+0x39/0x80 [ 5.267352] evict_inodes+0x150/0x1b0 [ 5.267376] generic_shutdown_super+0x41/0x180 [ 5.267390] kill_block_super+0x1b/0x50 [ 5.267402] erofs_kill_sb+0x81/0x90 [erofs] [ 5.267436] deactivate_locked_super+0x32/0xb0 [ 5.267450] deactivate_super+0x46/0x60 [ 5.267460] cleanup_mnt+0xc3/0x170 [ 5.267475] __cleanup_mnt+0x12/0x20 [ 5.267485] task_work_run+0x5d/0xb0 [ 5.267499] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x144/0x170 [ 5.267512] do_syscall_64+0x2b9/0x7c0 [ 5.267523] ? __lock_acquire+0x665/0x2ce0 [ 5.267535] ? __lock_acquire+0x665/0x2ce0 [ 5.267560] ? lock_acquire+0xcd/0x300 [ 5.267573] ? find_held_lock+0x31/0x90 [ 5.267582] ? mntput_no_expire+0x97/0x4e0 [ 5.267606] ? mntput_no_expire+0xa1/0x4e0 [ 5.267625] ? mntput+0x24/0x50 [ 5.267634] ? path_put+0x1e/0x30 [ 5.267647] ? do_faccessat+0x120/0x2f0 [ 5.267677] ? do_syscall_64+0x1a2/0x7c0 [ 5.267686] ? from_kgid_munged+0x17/0x30 [ 5.267703] ? from_kuid_munged+0x13/0x30 [ 5.267711] ? __do_sys_getuid+0x3d/0x50 [ 5.267724] ? do_syscall_64+0x1a2/0x7c0 [ 5.267732] ? irqentry_exit+0x77/0xb0 [ 5.267743] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x30/0x80 [ 5.267752] ? clear_bhb_loop+0x30/0x80 [ 5.267765] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e [ 5.267772] RIP: 0033:0x7aaa8b32a9fb [ 5.267781] Code: c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 f3 0f 1e fa 31 f6 e9 05 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 f3 0f 1e fa b8 a6 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 05 c3 0f 1f 40 00 48 8b 15 e9 83 0d 00 f7 d8 [ 5.267787] RSP: 002b:00007ffd7c4c9468 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000a6 [ 5.267796] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 00005a61592a8b00 RCX: 00007aaa8b32a9fb [ 5.267802] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 00005a61592b2080 [ 5.267806] RBP: 00007ffd7c4c9540 R08: 00007aaa8b403b20 R09: 0000000000000020 [ 5.267812] R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00005a61592a8c00 [ 5.267817] R13: 00000000 ---truncated---

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
3rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-03). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 23, 2025

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Aug 5, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

erofs: fix runtime warning on truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/181993bb0d626cf88cc803f4356ce5c5abe86278
Web page

erofs: fix runtime warning on truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/91c34cd6ca1bc67ccf2d104834956af56b5893de

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
linuxKernel @ 6.16.8 (fixes >=6.15.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.16~rc7-1~exp1 (66 versions)
  • every version up to 6.16.8-1: fixed in 6.16.8-1
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 196 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 98 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-11-04 08:01 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-11-04 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  8. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-27 20:11 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-27 20:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-19 21:33 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-19 21:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 16:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  4. 2026-10-18 05:35 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-12 17:06 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-11 20:39 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 15:27 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  27. 2026-09-27 02:11 UTCOSV refresh
  28. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  29. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  41. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  42. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  43. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-09-07 11:17 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  46. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  47. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  48. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  51. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  52. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  53. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  55. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  57. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-20 20:31 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  61. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  62. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  65. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  66. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  68. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  69. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  71. 2026-08-05 12:57 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-05 12:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-p2j7-x9rq-7fhv · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  73. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-39868?
CVE-2025-39868 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 23, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: erofs: fix runtime warning on truncate_folio_batch_exceptionals() Commit 0e2f80afcfa6("fs/dax: ensure all pages are idle prior to filesystem unmount") introduced the WARN_ON_ONCE to capture whether the filesystem has removed all…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-39868 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-39868 was published on September 23, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-39868 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-39868 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (3rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-39868?
CVE-2025-39868 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-39868?
A fix for CVE-2025-39868 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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