CVE-2025-38097

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-07-03. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak

The current scheme for caching the encap socket can lead to reference leaks when we try to delete the netns.

The reference chain is: xfrm_state -> enacp_sk -> netns

Since the encap socket is a userspace socket, it holds a reference on the netns. If we delete the espintcp state (through flush or individual delete) before removing the netns, the reference on the socket is dropped and the netns is correctly deleted. Otherwise, the netns may not be reachable anymore (if all processes within the ns have terminated), so we cannot delete the xfrm state to drop its reference on the socket.

This patch results in a small (~2% in my tests) performance regression.

A GC-type mechanism could be added for the socket cache, to clear references if the state hasn't been used "recently", but it's a lot more complex than just not caching the socket.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
The EG Score, 5.5 of 10.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
9th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 3, 2025

Last Modified

September 14, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4328-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html
Web page

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4cde54b46a87231c77256a633be1bef62687d69
Web page

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b58a295d10065960bcb9d60cb8ca6ead9837cd27
Web page

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9cbca30102028f9ad3d2098f935c4368f581fd07
Web page

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74fd327767fb784c5875cf7c4ba1217f26020943
Web page

espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/028363685bd0b7a19b4a820f82dd905b1dc83999

Patch Availability(27)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2) @ jammy2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-1012.12~24.04.1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-6.14 (6.14.0-1012.12) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.14 (6.14.0-1012.12) @ plucky2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-6.14 (6.14.0-1014.14) @ plucky2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-22.04 (6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1041.42) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100+fips1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-20.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100.1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1023.24) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gke-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1043.48) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1046.52) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.52+fips1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-32.32~24.04.1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.49.1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1044.44) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.14.0-1013.13~24.04.1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1047.50+fips1) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-32.32) @ plucky2026-09-14ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1043.44) @ noble2026-09-14ubuntu
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_22026-05-19redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-687.5.1.el9_82026-05-19redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.10.270 (fixes >=5.6.0)—osv
linuxKernel @ 6.1.141 (fixes >=5.6.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 7.2~rc5-1~exp1 (496 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.148-1~deb11u1 (11 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.153-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.153-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (41 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.147-1: fixed in 6.1.147-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.32-1: fixed in 6.12.32-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.32-1: fixed in 6.12.32-1
—

Additional Vendor Advisories

(22)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 170 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 76 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  2. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 17:08 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  5. 2026-10-11 20:40 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 18:51 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 15:28 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  11. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  13. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  15. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  16. 2026-10-03 22:28 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  25. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  5. 2026-09-14 12:36 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-09-14 12:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jm67-vrwh-5hh6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  7. 2026-09-14 12:02 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-09-14 12:02 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-14 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jm67-vrwh-5hh6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  10. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  11. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  12. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  13. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  14. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  15. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  16. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  17. 2026-09-07 11:48 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  19. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  21. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  25. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  26. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  27. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  28. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  29. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  30. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  31. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  32. 2026-08-20 21:01 UTCOSV refresh
  33. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  34. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  35. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  36. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  37. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  38. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  39. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  40. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  41. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  42. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  43. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  44. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  45. 2026-08-05 13:07 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-05 13:07 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-08-05 13:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jm67-vrwh-5hh6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  48. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  49. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  50. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  51. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  52. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  53. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  54. 2026-07-30 07:08 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-07-30 07:08 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-07-30 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jm67-vrwh-5hh6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  57. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  58. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  59. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  60. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  61. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  62. 2026-07-24 02:11 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-07-23 02:54 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  65. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  66. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  67. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  68. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  69. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-38097?
CVE-2025-38097 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 3, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: espintcp: remove encap socket caching to avoid reference leak The current scheme for caching the encap socket can lead to reference leaks when we try to delete the netns. The reference chain is: xfrmstate -> enacpsk -> netns Since…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-38097 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-38097 was published on July 3, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-38097 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-38097 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (9th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-38097?
CVE-2025-38097 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-38097?
A fix for CVE-2025-38097 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-38097 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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