CVE-2025-25193

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (32nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Netty, an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework, has a vulnerability in versions up to and including 4.1.118.Final. An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attempts to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash. A similar issue was previously reported as CVE-2024-47535. This issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit. Commit d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386 contains an updated fix.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
41
EG Risk 41/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
32nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 10, 2025

Last Modified

June 11, 2025

References (3)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-25193(10)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(9)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatpatch2025-08-01redhat
redhatpatch2025-06-30redhat
redhateap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.15.25-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el8eap2025-05-06redhat
redhatpatch2025-05-06redhat
redhateap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.15.25-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el9eap2025-05-06redhat
redhateap7-wildfly-elytron-0:1.15.25-1.Final_redhat_00001.1.el7eap2025-05-06redhat
redhateap7-wildfly-0:7.4.21-3.GA_29548_redhat_00001.1.el7eap2025-04-01redhat
redhatnetty-common2025-04-01redhat
redhateap8-wildfly-0:8.0.6-15.GA_redhat_00009.1.el9eap2025-03-27redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
io.netty:netty-common4.0.0.Alpha1 ... 4.1.99.Final (211 versions)
  • every version up to 4.1.118.Final: fixed in 4.1.118.Final
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 177 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 82 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  4. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  5. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  6. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 05:43 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  9. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  10. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  11. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  12. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  13. 2026-10-12 17:16 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  15. 2026-10-11 20:48 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 15:36 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  19. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  20. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  21. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  22. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  23. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  24. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  2. 2026-10-02 23:55 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  4. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  5. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  6. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  7. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  8. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  9. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  10. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  11. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  12. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  13. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  14. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  15. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  16. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-13 21:24 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  27. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  28. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  29. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  30. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  31. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  32. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  33. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  34. 2026-08-25 22:40 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  36. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  37. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  38. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  39. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  40. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  41. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  42. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  43. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  44. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  45. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  46. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  47. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  48. 2026-08-09 15:10 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  50. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  51. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  52. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  53. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  54. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  55. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  56. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  57. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  58. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  59. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  60. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  61. 2026-07-27 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  62. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  63. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  64. 2026-07-24 15:41 UTCOSV refresh
  65. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  66. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  67. 2026-07-23 02:51 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  69. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  70. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Same product

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Maven:io.netty:netty-common

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-25193?
CVE-2025-25193 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 10, 2025. Netty, an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework, has a vulnerability in versions up to and including 4.1.118.Final. An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attempts to load a file…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-25193 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-25193 was published on February 10, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 11, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-25193 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-25193 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (32nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-25193?
CVE-2025-25193 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-25193?
A fix for CVE-2025-25193 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-25193 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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