CVE-2025-23149

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2025-05-01. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2025-13096 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-9qj7-j3p9-hf88 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tpm: do not start chip while suspended

Checking TPM_CHIP_FLAG_SUSPENDED after the call to tpm_find_get_ops() can lead to a spurious tpm_chip_start() call:

[35985.503771] i2c i2c-1: Transfer while suspended [35985.503796] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 74 at drivers/i2c/i2c-core.h:56 __i2c_transfer+0xbe/0x810 [35985.503802] Modules linked in: [35985.503808] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 74 Comm: hwrng Tainted: G W 6.13.0-next-20250203-00005-gfa0cb5642941 #19 9c3d7f78192f2d38e32010ac9c90fdc71109ef6f [35985.503814] Tainted: [W]=WARN [35985.503817] Hardware name: Google Morphius/Morphius, BIOS Google_Morphius.13434.858.0 10/26/2023 [35985.503819] RIP: 0010:__i2c_transfer+0xbe/0x810 [35985.503825] Code: 30 01 00 00 4c 89 f7 e8 40 fe d8 ff 48 8b 93 80 01 00 00 48 85 d2 75 03 49 8b 16 48 c7 c7 0a fb 7c a7 48 89 c6 e8 32 ad b0 fe <0f> 0b b8 94 ff ff ff e9 33 04 00 00 be 02 00 00 00 83 fd 02 0f 5 [35985.503828] RSP: 0018:ffffa106c0333d30 EFLAGS: 00010246 [35985.503833] RAX: 074ba64aa20f7000 RBX: ffff8aa4c1167120 RCX: 0000000000000000 [35985.503836] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffffa77ab0e4 RDI: 0000000000000001 [35985.503838] RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000 [35985.503841] R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 00000001000313d5 R12: ffff8aa4c10f1820 [35985.503843] R13: ffff8aa4c0e243c0 R14: ffff8aa4c1167250 R15: ffff8aa4c1167120 [35985.503846] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8aa4eae00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [35985.503849] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [35985.503852] CR2: 00007fab0aaf1000 CR3: 0000000105328000 CR4: 00000000003506f0 [35985.503855] Call Trace: [35985.503859] [35985.503863] ? __warn+0xd4/0x260 [35985.503868] ? __i2c_transfer+0xbe/0x810 [35985.503874] ? report_bug+0xf3/0x210 [35985.503882] ? handle_bug+0x63/0xb0 [35985.503887] ? exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x50 [35985.503892] ? asm_exc_invalid_op+0x16/0x20 [35985.503904] ? __i2c_transfer+0xbe/0x810 [35985.503913] tpm_cr50_i2c_transfer_message+0x24/0xf0 [35985.503920] tpm_cr50_i2c_read+0x8e/0x120 [35985.503928] tpm_cr50_request_locality+0x75/0x170 [35985.503935] tpm_chip_start+0x116/0x160 [35985.503942] tpm_try_get_ops+0x57/0x90 [35985.503948] tpm_find_get_ops+0x26/0xd0 [35985.503955] tpm_get_random+0x2d/0x80

Don't move forward with tpm_chip_start() inside tpm_try_get_ops(), unless TPM_CHIP_FLAG_SUSPENDED is not set. tpm_find_get_ops() will return NULL in such a failure case.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
10th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-05). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 1, 2025

Last Modified

November 5, 2026

References (5)

Patch Availability(20)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1043.44) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gke-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1043.48) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1047.50+fips1) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.49.1) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1044.44) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1046.52) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1023.24) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.52+fips1) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100+fips1) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2) @ jammy2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-22.22) @ plucky2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-22.04 (6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-64k (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1041.42) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-20.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100.1) @ noble2026-10-24ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.6.88 (fixes >=0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.25-1: fixed in 6.12.25-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.25-1: fixed in 6.12.25-1
—

All Vendor Advisories

(19)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 199 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 103 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-06 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 21:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9qj7-j3p9-hf88 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  3. 2026-11-05 20:48 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-05 20:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9qj7-j3p9-hf88 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  5. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  6. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  7. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  8. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  9. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  10. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  11. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  12. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  13. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  14. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  15. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  16. 2026-10-25 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  18. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  19. 2026-10-24 00:58 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-24 00:58 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-24 00:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9qj7-j3p9-hf88 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  22. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  23. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  24. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  25. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 05:44 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  5. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  6. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  7. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  8. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  10. 2026-10-11 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 15:39 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  14. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  15. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  16. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  17. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  18. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  19. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  20. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  21. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  22. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  23. 2026-10-02 15:41 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  25. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  26. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  27. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  28. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  29. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  30. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  31. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  32. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  33. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  34. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  35. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  36. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  37. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  38. 2026-09-13 13:43 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  40. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  41. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  42. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  43. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  44. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  45. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  46. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  47. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  48. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  49. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  51. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  52. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  53. 2026-08-25 15:09 UTCOSV refresh
  54. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  55. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  56. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  57. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  58. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  59. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  60. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  61. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  62. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  63. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  64. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  65. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  66. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  67. 2026-08-09 06:57 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  69. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  70. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  71. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile

Related CVEs(same vendor)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-23149?
CVE-2025-23149 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 1, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: tpm: do not start chip while suspended Checking TPM_CHIP_FLAG_SUSPENDED after the call to tpm_find_get_ops() can lead to a spurious tpm_chip_start() call: [35985.503771] i2c i2c-1: Transfer while suspended [35985.503796] WARNING:…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-23149 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-23149 was published on May 1, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 5, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-23149 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-23149 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (10th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23149?
CVE-2025-23149 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23149?
A fix for CVE-2025-23149 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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