CVE-2025-23061

CRITICALNVD 9.09.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 7.1%, top 6% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 7.3%CVSS: 9.0Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.

CVSS v3
9.0
EG Score
9.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
EPSS PROB
7.3%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

Published

January 15, 2025

Last Modified

October 31, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 26, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release.
github_release Patch Available

8.9.5

Patch available: Automattic/mongoose 8.9.5

https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/releases/tag/8.9.5
github_commit Patch Available

commit 64a9f9706f24 (Automattic/mongoose)

Patch available: Automattic/mongoose 8.22.1 (contains commit 64a9f9706f24)

https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/commit/64a9f9706f2428c49e0cfb8e223065acc645f7bc
generic

mongoose/CHANGELOG.md at master · Automattic/mongoose · GitHub

https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
mongoose—
  • 8.0.0-rc0 up to 8.9.5: fixed in 8.9.5
  • 7.0.0-rc0 up to 7.8.4: fixed in 7.8.4
  • every version up to 6.13.6: fixed in 6.13.6
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 159 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  6. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-10-03 01:55 UTCOSV refresh
  10. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-09-13 23:20 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  17. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-26 00:40 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  30. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-09 17:10 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-24 18:11 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-07 13:21 UTCOSV refresh

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-23061.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2025

    Mongoose - NoSQL Injection

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-23061?
CVE-2025-23061 is a critical vulnerability published on January 15, 2025. Mongoose before 8.9.5 can improperly use a nested $where filter with a populate() match, leading to search injection. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-53900.
When was CVE-2025-23061 disclosed?
CVE-2025-23061 was first published on January 15, 2025, with the most recent update on October 31, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-23061 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-23061 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 7.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23061?
CVE-2025-23061 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23061?
A fix for CVE-2025-23061 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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