CVE-2025-23028

MEDIUMNVD 5.35.3—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.3 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 66% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
5.3
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.3Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. A denial of service vulnerability affects versions 1.14.0 through 1.14.7, 1.15.0 through 1.15.11, and 1.16.0 through 1.16.4. In a Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is configured to proxy DNS traffic, an attacker can crash Cilium agents by sending a crafted DNS response to workloads from outside the cluster. For traffic that is allowed but without using DNS-based policy, the dataplane will continue to pass traffic as configured at the time of the DoS. For workloads that have DNS-based policy configured, existing connections may continue to operate, and new connections made without relying on DNS resolution may continue to be established, but new connections which rely on DNS resolution may be disrupted. Any configuration changes that affect the impacted agent may not be applied until the agent is able to restart. This issue is fixed in Cilium v1.14.18, v1.15.12, and v1.16.5. No known workarounds are available.

CVSS v3
5.3
EG Score
5.3(medium)
EG Risk
39(Track)
EG Risk 39/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity53% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
34.2%
KEV
Not listed

Published

January 22, 2025

Last Modified

September 3, 2025

References (2)

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
github.com/cilium/cilium—1.16.5—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-07-07 12:51 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  30. 2026-06-18 23:44 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  43. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  45. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  53. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  61. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  63. 2026-05-30 12:50 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-05-30 10:35 UTCOSV refresh
  65. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-23028?
CVE-2025-23028 is a medium vulnerability published on January 22, 2025. Cilium is a networking, observability, and security solution with an eBPF-based dataplane. A denial of service vulnerability affects versions 1.14.0 through 1.14.7, 1.15.0 through 1.15.11, and 1.16.0 through 1.16.4. In a Kubernetes cluster where Cilium is configured to proxy DNS traffic, an…
When was CVE-2025-23028 disclosed?
CVE-2025-23028 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on January 22, 2025, with the most recent update on September 3, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-23028 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-23028 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 34.2% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-23028?
CVE-2025-23028 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-23028?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-23028, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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