CVE-2025-22045

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-04-16. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs

On the following path, flush_tlb_range() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to page table:

collapse_pte_mapped_thp pmdp_collapse_flush flush_tlb_range

The arm64 version of flush_tlb_range() has a comment describing that it can be used for page table removal, and does not use any last-level invalidation optimizations. Fix the X86 version by making it behave the same way.

Currently, X86 only uses this information for the following two purposes, which I think means the issue doesn't have much impact:

  • In native_flush_tlb_multi() for checking if lazy TLB CPUs need to be
IPI'd to avoid issues with speculative page table walks.
  • In Hyper-V TLB paravirtualization, again for lazy TLB stuff.

The patch "x86/mm: only invalidate final translations with INVLPGB" which is currently under review (see ) would probably be making the impact of this a lot worse.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EG Risk
29(Track)
EG Risk 29/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity55% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
11%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 16, 2025

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available.
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DLA 4178-1] linux security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/93224deb50a8d20df3884f3672ce9f982129aa50
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78d6f9a9eb2a5da6fcbd76d6191d24b0dcc321be
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7085895c59e4057ffae17f58990ccb630087d0d2
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/618d5612ecb7bfc1c85342daafeb2b47e29e77a3
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/556d446068f90981e5d71ca686bdaccdd545d491
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ef938c3503563bfc2ac15083557f880d29c2e64
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/320ac1af4c0bdb92c864dc9250d1329234820edf
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0a8f806ea6b5dd64b3d1f05ff774817d5f7ddbd1
generic

x86/mm: Fix flush_tlb_range() when used for zapping normal PMDs - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0708fd6bd8161871bfbadced2ca4319b84ab44fe

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-22045(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(31)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-host (5.15.0-1050.54) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.15.0.1091.76) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-22.22) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.15.0.1083.89~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.142.137) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.15.0.1085.75) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (5.15.0.1086.90) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.4.0-1065 (5.4.0-1065.69) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.4.0.1150.92) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.142.152~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg (5.15.0.1081.81) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (5.15.0.1091.100~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1086.89) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (5.4.0.1121.118) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.218.238~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (5.4.0.1152.159~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-24.04b (6.11.0-1024.24) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1036.37) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1041.44.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-28.28) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-64k (6.11.0-1015.16) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-iot (5.4.0.1051.49) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-bluefield (5.4.0.1106.102) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-64k (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.11 (6.11.0-1018.18) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi2-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1130.161) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1080.78) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-edge (5.15.0.1083.89~20.04.1) @ focal2026-05-30ubuntu
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-553.81.1.el8_102025-10-27redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.4.292—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 114 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-05 13:59 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-08-05 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-08-05 13:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-30 07:15 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-07-30 07:15 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-07-30 07:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-27 14:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-24 09:11 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-07 04:21 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-18 15:35 UTCOSV refresh
  56. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-22045?
CVE-2025-22045 is a medium vulnerability published on April 16, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: x86/mm: Fix flushtlbrange() when used for zapping normal PMDs On the following path, flushtlbrange() can be used for zapping normal PMD entries (PMD entries that point to page tables) together with the PTE entries in the pointed-to…
When was CVE-2025-22045 disclosed?
CVE-2025-22045 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 16, 2025, with the most recent update on August 5, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-22045 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-22045 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 89.0% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-22045?
CVE-2025-22045 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-22045?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-22045, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-22045

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-22045?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs