CVE-2025-15645

MEDIUMPre-NVD 4.64.6
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 4.6 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2026-05-20. A secondary CVSS source baseline 4.6; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
4.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 4.6Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Ledger Nano X versions before 2.4.2; Ledger Flex versions before 1.2.2; Ledger Stax versions before 1.6.2 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Ledger Nano X, Flex, and Stax devices contain a denial of service vulnerability in the MCU firmware update process due to missing validation of the reset_handler parameter during firmware flashing. An attacker can provide a crafted reset_handler address pointing to invalid memory or attacker-controlled code to cause the device to enter an unrecoverable fault state during boot, resulting in permanent loss of operability.

CVSS v3
4.6
EG Score
4.6MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
21
EG Risk 21/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity46% × 45%
The EG Score, 4.6 of 10.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
10th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 19, 2026

Last Modified

July 24, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jun 17, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

Ledger Nano X, Flex, Stax MCU Firmware Update Denial of Service | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ledger-nano-x-flex-stax-mcu-firmware-update-denial-of-service
Web page

Ledger Security Bulletin 021 | Ledger Donjon

https://donjon.ledger.com/lsb/021/

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-15645(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 27× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 97 of 243 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 146 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-12 17:22 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  3. 2026-10-11 20:53 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 19:03 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 15:43 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  7. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  9. 2026-10-08 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  11. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  12. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  13. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  14. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  15. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  16. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  17. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  18. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  19. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  20. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  21. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  22. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  23. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  24. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  25. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  2. 2026-09-13 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  3. 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  4. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  5. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  6. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  7. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  8. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  9. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  10. 2026-09-04 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  11. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  12. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  13. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  14. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  15. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  16. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  17. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  18. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  19. 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  20. 2026-08-23 16:59 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-08-23 16:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  22. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  23. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  24. 2026-08-21 23:36 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-08-21 23:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  26. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  27. 2026-08-20 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-08-20 18:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  29. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  30. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  31. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  32. 2026-08-17 09:58 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-08-17 09:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  34. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  35. 2026-08-16 04:30 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-16 04:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  37. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  38. 2026-08-15 03:20 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-15 03:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  40. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  41. 2026-08-14 02:05 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-14 02:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  43. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  44. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  45. 2026-08-12 11:59 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-12 11:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  47. 2026-08-11 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  48. 2026-08-11 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-11 05:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  50. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  51. 2026-08-10 04:36 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-08-10 04:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  53. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  54. 2026-08-09 03:26 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-09 03:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  56. 2026-08-08 02:16 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-08 02:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  58. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  59. 2026-08-07 01:06 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-07 01:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  61. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  62. 2026-08-05 21:20 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-05 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  64. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  65. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  66. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  67. 2026-08-03 20:12 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-03 20:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  69. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  70. 2026-08-02 19:02 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-02 19:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jj3m-33jh-v459 · GitHub CVSS 4.6
  72. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-15645?
CVE-2025-15645 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 19, 2026. Ledger Nano X, Flex, and Stax devices contain a denial of service vulnerability in the MCU firmware update process due to missing validation of the resethandler parameter during firmware flashing. An attacker can provide a crafted resethandler address pointing to invalid memory or…
When was CVE-2025-15645 made public?
CVE-2025-15645 was made public on May 19, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on May 19, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-15645 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-15645 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (10th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-15645?
CVE-2025-15645 has a CVSS base score of 4.6 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-15645?
No fix for CVE-2025-15645 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The CVE record's CNA (VulnCheck) lists Ledger Nano X versions before 2.4.2; Ledger Flex versions before 1.2.2; Ledger Stax versions before 1.6.2 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-15645 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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