In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: rtw88: use ieee80211_purge_tx_queue() to purge TX skb
When removing kernel modules by:
rmmod rtw88_8723cs rtw88_8703b rtw88_8723x rtw88_sdio rtw88_core
Driver uses skb_queue_purge() to purge TX skb, but not report tx status
causing "Have pending ack frames!" warning. Use ieee80211_purge_tx_queue()
to correct this.
Since ieee80211_purge_tx_queue() doesn't take locks, to prevent racing
between TX work and purge TX queue, flush and destroy TX work in advance.
wlan0: deauthenticating from aa:f5:fd:60:4c:a8 by local
choice (Reason: 3=DEAUTH_LEAVING)
------------[ cut here ]------------
Have pending ack frames!
WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 9232 at net/mac80211/main.c:1691
ieee80211_free_ack_frame+0x5c/0x90 [mac80211]
CPU: 3 PID: 9232 Comm: rmmod Tainted: G C
6.10.1-200.fc40.aarch64 #1
Hardware name: pine64 Pine64 PinePhone Braveheart
(1.1)/Pine64 PinePhone Braveheart (1.1), BIOS 2024.01 01/01/2024
pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
pc : ieee80211_free_ack_frame+0x5c/0x90 [mac80211]
lr : ieee80211_free_ack_frame+0x5c/0x90 [mac80211]
sp : ffff80008c1b37b0
x29: ffff80008c1b37b0 x28: ffff000003be8000 x27: 0000000000000000
x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff000003dc14b8 x24: ffff80008c1b37d0
x23: ffff000000ff9f80 x22: 0000000000000000 x21: 000000007fffffff
x20: ffff80007c7e93d8 x19: ffff00006e66f400 x18: 0000000000000000
x17: ffff7ffffd2b3000 x16: ffff800083fc0000 x15: 0000000000000000
x14: 0000000000000000 x13: 2173656d61726620 x12: 6b636120676e6964
x11: 0000000000000000 x10: 000000000000005d x9 : ffff8000802af2b0
x8 : ffff80008c1b3430 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001
x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000
x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : ffff000003be8000
Call trace:
ieee80211_free_ack_frame+0x5c/0x90 [mac80211]
idr_for_each+0x74/0x110
ieee80211_free_hw+0x44/0xe8 [mac80211]
rtw_sdio_remove+0x9c/0xc0 [rtw88_sdio]
sdio_bus_remove+0x44/0x180
device_remove+0x54/0x90
device_release_driver_internal+0x1d4/0x238
driver_detach+0x54/0xc0
bus_remove_driver+0x78/0x108
driver_unregister+0x38/0x78
sdio_unregister_driver+0x2c/0x40
rtw_8723cs_driver_exit+0x18/0x1000 [rtw88_8723cs]
__do_sys_delete_module.isra.0+0x190/0x338
__arm64_sys_delete_module+0x1c/0x30
invoke_syscall+0x74/0x100
el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x48/0xf0
do_el0_svc+0x24/0x38
el0_svc+0x3c/0x158
el0t_64_sync_handler+0x120/0x138
el0t_64_sync+0x194/0x198
---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-05). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it