CVE-2024-44989

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2024-09-04. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference

We shouldn't set real_dev to NULL because packets can be in transit and xfrm might call xdo_dev_offload_ok() in parallel. All callbacks assume real_dev is set.

Example trace: kernel: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 0000000000001030 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): making interface the new active one kernel: #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode kernel: #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page kernel: PGD 0 P4D 0 kernel: Oops: 0002 [#1] PREEMPT SMP kernel: CPU: 4 PID: 2237 Comm: ping Not tainted 6.7.7+ #12 kernel: Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-2.fc40 04/01/2014 kernel: RIP: 0010:nsim_ipsec_offload_ok+0xc/0x20 [netdevsim] kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): bond_ipsec_add_sa_all: failed to add SA kernel: Code: e0 0f 0b 48 83 7f 38 00 74 de 0f 0b 48 8b 47 08 48 8b 37 48 8b 78 40 e9 b2 e5 9a d7 66 90 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 8b 86 80 02 00 00 <83> 80 30 10 00 00 01 b8 01 00 00 00 c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 0f 1f kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): making interface the new active one kernel: RSP: 0018:ffffabde81553b98 EFLAGS: 00010246 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): bond_ipsec_add_sa_all: failed to add SA kernel: kernel: RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff9eb404e74900 RCX: ffff9eb403d97c60 kernel: RDX: ffffffffc090de10 RSI: ffff9eb404e74900 RDI: ffff9eb3c5de9e00 kernel: RBP: ffff9eb3c0a42000 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 0000000000000014 kernel: R10: 7974203030303030 R11: 3030303030303030 R12: 0000000000000000 kernel: R13: ffff9eb3c5de9e00 R14: ffffabde81553cc8 R15: ffff9eb404c53000 kernel: FS: 00007f2a77a3ad00(0000) GS:ffff9eb43bd00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 kernel: CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 kernel: CR2: 0000000000001030 CR3: 00000001122ab000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): making interface the new active one kernel: Call Trace: kernel: kernel: ? __die+0x1f/0x60 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): bond_ipsec_add_sa_all: failed to add SA kernel: ? page_fault_oops+0x142/0x4c0 kernel: ? do_user_addr_fault+0x65/0x670 kernel: ? kvm_read_and_reset_apf_flags+0x3b/0x50 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): making interface the new active one kernel: ? exc_page_fault+0x7b/0x180 kernel: ? asm_exc_page_fault+0x22/0x30 kernel: ? nsim_bpf_uninit+0x50/0x50 [netdevsim] kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): bond_ipsec_add_sa_all: failed to add SA kernel: ? nsim_ipsec_offload_ok+0xc/0x20 [netdevsim] kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): making interface the new active one kernel: bond_ipsec_offload_ok+0x7b/0x90 [bonding] kernel: xfrm_output+0x61/0x3b0 kernel: bond0: (slave eni0np1): bond_ipsec_add_sa_all: failed to add SA kernel: ip_push_pending_frames+0x56/0x80

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
14th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 4, 2024

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4008-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/01/msg00001.html
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3912-1] linux security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00003.html
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8cde9805981c50d0c029063dc7d82821806fc44
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/89fc1dca79db5c3e7a2d589ecbf8a3661c65f436
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7fa9243391ad2afe798ef4ea2e2851947b95754f
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4582d4ff413a07d4ed8a4823c652dc5207760548
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2f72c6a66bcd7e0187ec085237fee5db27145294
Web page

bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21816b696c172c19d53a30d45ee005cce246ed21

Patch Availability(15)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (43 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.226-1: fixed in 5.10.226-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1, 6.1.106-3~deb11u2, 6.1.106-3~deb11u3, 6.1.112-1~deb11u1
  • every version up to 6.1.119-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.119-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (29 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.112-1: fixed in 6.1.112-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.10.7-1: fixed in 6.10.7-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.10.7-1: fixed in 6.10.7-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(10)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 39× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 215 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 119 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  6. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 07:00 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  9. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  10. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  11. 2026-10-15 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-15 02:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gfrq-fc5g-52f6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  13. 2026-10-15 01:13 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-15 01:13 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-15 01:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gfrq-fc5g-52f6 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  16. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  17. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  18. 2026-10-12 17:45 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  20. 2026-10-11 21:11 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 16:03 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  23. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  25. 2026-10-08 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  2. 2026-10-07 08:35 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  7. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  8. 2026-09-30 19:53 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  10. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  21. 2026-09-17 14:36 UTCOSV refresh
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  37. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  38. 2026-08-29 15:13 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  40. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  41. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
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  53. 2026-08-13 02:43 UTCOSV refresh
  54. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
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  56. 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
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  69. 2026-07-28 10:54 UTCOSV refresh
  70. 2026-07-27 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  71. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-44989?
CVE-2024-44989 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 4, 2024. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bonding: fix xfrm real_dev null pointer dereference We shouldn't set real_dev to NULL because packets can be in transit and xfrm might call xdodevoffload_ok() in parallel. All callbacks assume real_dev is set. Example trace:…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2024-44989 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2024-44989 was published on September 4, 2024. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2024-44989 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-44989 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (14th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-44989?
CVE-2024-44989 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-44989?
A fix for CVE-2024-44989 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2024-44989 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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