CVE-2024-28185

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 65.0%, top 2% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Weaponized
10.0
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 7%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a run_script to the sandbox directory. The security issue is that an attacker can create a symbolic link (symlink) at the path run_script before this code is executed, resulting in the f.write writing to an arbitrary file on the unsandboxed system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to overwrite scripts on the system and gain code execution outside of the sandbox.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0(medium)
EPSS
93.4%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 18, 2024

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 10, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Sandbox Escape via Symbolic Link · Advisory · judge0/judge0 · GitHub

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g2-45c8-89cf
github_commit

commit 846d58390261 (judge0/judge0)

Fix landed in judge0/judge0 commit 846d58390261 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/commit/846d5839026161bb299b7a35fd3b2afb107992fc
generic

judge0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb at v1.13.0 · judge0/judge0 · GitHub

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/blob/v1.13.0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb#L197-L201

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-07-08 03:05 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-06-19 14:55 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  27. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  39. 2026-05-30 21:53 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
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  42. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
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  46. 2026-05-23 00:10 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-05-20 08:42 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-05-20 04:53 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-05-20 01:05 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-05-19 21:17 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-05-19 17:29 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-05-19 13:40 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-05-19 09:51 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-05-19 06:02 UTCEG score recompute
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  67. 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Metasploitexploit/linux/http/judge0_sandbox_escape_cve_2024_28189✓ verified
    First seen Mar 4, 2024

    Judge0 sandbox escape

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-28185?
CVE-2024-28185 is a critical vulnerability published on April 18, 2024. Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a…
When was CVE-2024-28185 disclosed?
CVE-2024-28185 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 18, 2024, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-28185 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-28185 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 93.4% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28185?
CVE-2024-28185 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-28185?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2024-28185, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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