CVE-2024-28185

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 7.1% (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Weaponized
10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictMitigate this weekExploitation is likely or a public exploit exists.
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, public exploit)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 7.1%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: Metasploit · public exploitExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a run_script to the sandbox directory. The security issue is that an attacker can create a symbolic link (symlink) at the path run_script before this code is executed, resulting in the f.write writing to an arbitrary file on the unsandboxed system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to overwrite scripts on the system and gain code execution outside of the sandbox.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
86
EG Risk 86/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity100% × 45%
Exploitation65% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.
EPSS PROB
7.1%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high, and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

April 18, 2024

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 3, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. No fix on record yet. Sources: github_commit, github.
githubMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Sandbox Escape via Symbolic Link · Advisory · judge0/judge0 · GitHub

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g2-45c8-89cf
github_commit

commit 846d58390261 (judge0/judge0)

Fix landed in judge0/judge0 commit 846d58390261 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/commit/846d5839026161bb299b7a35fd3b2afb107992fc
generic

judge0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb at v1.13.0 · judge0/judge0 · GitHub

https://github.com/judge0/judge0/blob/v1.13.0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb#L197-L201

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 186 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  9. 2026-09-30 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
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  1. 2026-09-14 18:14 UTCOSV refresh
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  56. 2026-07-25 08:11 UTCOSV refresh
  57. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-23 02:35 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Metasploitexploit/linux/http/judge0_sandbox_escape_cve_2024_28189✓ verified
    First seen Mar 4, 2024

    Judge0 sandbox escape

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-28185?
CVE-2024-28185 is a critical vulnerability published on April 18, 2024. Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a…
When was CVE-2024-28185 disclosed?
CVE-2024-28185 was first published on April 18, 2024, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-28185 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-28185 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model classifies it as weaponized: a functional public exploit exists. FIRST EPSS estimates a 7.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28185?
CVE-2024-28185 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-28185?
No fix for CVE-2024-28185 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Dependency Blast Radius

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