CVE-2024-28121

HIGHNVD 8.88.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.5%, top 19% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
8.8
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

stimulus_reflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security implications. To invoke a reflex a websocket message of the following shape is sent: \"target\":\"[class_name]#[method_name]\",\"args\":[]. The server will proceed to instantiate reflex using the provided class_name as long as it extends StimulusReflex::Reflex. It then attempts to call method_name on the instance with the provided arguments. This is problematic as reflex.method method_name can be more methods that those explicitly specified by the developer in their reflex class. A good example is the instance_variable_set method. This vulnerability has been patched in versions 3.4.2 and 3.5.0.rc4. Users unable to upgrade should: see the backing GHSA advisory for mitigation advice.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8(medium)
EPSS
72.3%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 12, 2024

Last Modified

December 3, 2025

References (12)

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
stimulus_reflex—3.4.2—
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
stimulus_reflex0.1.0 ... 3.4.1 (71 versions)3.4.2—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-05 02:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-02 17:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-29 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-26 18:07 UTCOSV refresh
Show 62 more
  1. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-16 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-09 01:30 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-05-24 06:50 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-28121?
CVE-2024-28121 is a high vulnerability published on March 12, 2024. stimulusreflex is a system to extend the capabilities of both Rails and Stimulus by intercepting user interactions and passing them to Rails over real-time websockets. In affected versions more methods than expected can be called on reflex instances. Being able to call some of them has security…
When was CVE-2024-28121 disclosed?
CVE-2024-28121 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 12, 2024, with the most recent update on December 3, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-28121 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-28121 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 72.3% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28121?
CVE-2024-28121 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-28121?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2024-28121, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2024-28121

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2024-28121?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs