libexpat through 2.5.0 allows a denial of service (resource consumption) because many full reparsings are required in the case of a large token for which multiple buffer fills are needed.
CVE-2023-52425
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2024-02-04. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.5
- EG Score
- 7.5HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 50EG Risk 50/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity75% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation2.1% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 2.1%
- EPSS %ILE
- 81st
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 2.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
February 4, 2024
Last Modified
October 15, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026SSA-784301
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784301.htmlSSA-398330
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-398330.html[SECURITY] Fedora 39 Update: mingw-expat-2.6.0-1.fc39 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/PNRIHC7DVVRAIWFRGV23Y6UZXFBXSQDB/[SECURITY] [DLA 3893-1] expat security update
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00036.htmloss-security - Security fixes in Python 3.10.14, 3.9.19, and 3.8.19 (CVE-2023-6597 & CVE-2024-0450)
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/20/5[SECURITY] [DLA 3783-1] expat security update
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00006.html[SECURITY] Fedora 38 Update: mingw-expat-2.6.0-1.fc38 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WNUBSGZFEZOBHJFTAD42SAN4ATW2VEMV/[SECURITY] Fedora 39 Update: mingw-expat-2.6.0-1.fc39 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PNRIHC7DVVRAIWFRGV23Y6UZXFBXSQDB/[CVE-2023-52425] Speed up parsing of big tokens
Fix merged in libexpat/libexpat PR #789 on 2024-01-30 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/libexpat/libexpat/pull/789Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-52425(12)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2025:22871Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- RHSA-2025:22785Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- RHSA-2025:22035Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- RHSA-2025:3453Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat JBoss Core Services Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62 security update
- RHSA-2024:4259Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: xmlrpc-c security and bug fix update
- RHSA-2024:3926Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- RHSA-2024:2839Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- RHSA-2024:2575Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: expat security update
- +4 more
Patch Availability(11)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ubuntu | libexpat1-dev (2.5.0-2ubuntu0.1) @ mantic | 2026-05-24 | ubuntu |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.10-1.el8_2 | 2025-12-09 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.10-1.el8_4 | 2025-12-04 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.10-12.el9_0.4 | 2025-11-25 | redhat |
| redhat | expat | 2025-04-02 | redhat |
| redhat | xmlrpc-c-0:1.51.0-9.el8_10 | 2024-07-02 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.5.0-1.el9_2.1 | 2024-06-13 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.5-8.el8_6.5 | 2024-05-14 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.5-11.el8_8.2 | 2024-04-30 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.2.5-11.el8_9.1 | 2024-04-02 | redhat |
| redhat | expat-0:2.5.0-1.el9_3.1 | 2024-03-26 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(16 across 14 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | 2.2.10-2 ... 2.2.10-2+deb11u5 (6 versions) |
| — |
| libxmltok | 1.2-4, 1.2-4.1, 1.2-4.1~exp1, 1.2-4.2 |
| — |
Debian:12(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | 2.5.0-1, 2.5.0-1+deb12u1 |
| — |
| libxmltok | 1.2-4, 1.2-4.1, 1.2-4.1~exp1, 1.2-4.2 |
| — |
Alpine:v3.16(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.17(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.18(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.19(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.20(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.21(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.22(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.23(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.24(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Debian:10(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | 2.2.6-2 ... 2.2.6-2+deb10u6 (7 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| expat | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(1)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 35× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 91 of 184 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 9 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 93 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
- 2026-10-18 07:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
- 2026-10-15 01:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh68-jm46-84rf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 00:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gh68-jm46-84rf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-12 18:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-12 02:54 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-11 21:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
Show 66 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-30 16:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-22 09:16 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-03 06:29 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-09-01 04:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 77th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-16 19:56 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-04 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-08-01 13:36 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
- 2026-07-23 02:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 23:15 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 76th percentile
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10 shownredhat:RHSA-2025:22035 · redhat:RHSA-2024:1530 · redhat:RHSA-2025:22785
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2023-52425?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-52425 published?
Is CVE-2023-52425 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-52425?
How do I remediate CVE-2023-52425?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2023-52425
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