CVE-2023-41991

CRITICALNVD 5.59.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-09-25), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 5%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · public exploitExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
9.0(high)
EG Risk
81(Attend)
EG Risk 81/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
5%
EPSS %ILE
91%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

September 21, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jun 13, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41991
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213931
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213927
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213931
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

About the security content of iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 64× in last 7d / 256× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 631 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-11 07:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-08-11 04:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-08-11 00:24 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-08-11 00:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-08-10 20:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-08-10 17:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-08-10 13:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-08-10 09:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-08-10 06:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-08-10 02:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-08-09 22:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-08-09 19:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-08-09 15:23 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-08-09 15:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-09 11:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-08-09 08:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-08-09 04:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-08-09 00:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-08-08 21:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-08-08 17:23 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-08-08 17:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-08 13:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-08 10:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-08-08 06:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-08-08 02:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-08-07 23:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-08-07 19:22 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-08-07 19:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-08-07 17:09 UTCCISA KEV update
  8. 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-07 15:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-08-07 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-08-07 08:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-08-07 04:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-08-07 01:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-08-06 21:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-08-06 17:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-08-06 14:01 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-08-06 14:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-06 10:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-08-06 06:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-08-06 03:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-08-05 23:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-08-05 19:40 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-08-05 19:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-05 17:25 UTCCISA KEV update
  27. 2026-08-05 16:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-08-05 12:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-08-05 08:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-08-05 04:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-08-05 01:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-08-04 21:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-08-04 17:55 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-04 17:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-08-04 17:02 UTCCISA KEV update
  36. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-04 14:14 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-08-04 14:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-08-04 10:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-08-04 06:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-08-04 03:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-08-03 23:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-08-03 19:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-08-03 19:22 UTCCISA KEV update
  45. 2026-08-03 16:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-08-03 12:27 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-03 12:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-08-03 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-08-03 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-08-03 01:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  53. 2026-08-02 21:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-08-02 18:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-08-02 14:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-08-02 10:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-08-02 07:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-08-02 03:24 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-02 03:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-08-01 23:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-08-01 20:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-08-01 16:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-08-01 12:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-08-01 09:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-08-01 05:23 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-01 05:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-08-01 01:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-07-31 22:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-31 18:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-31 14:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-31 10:56 UTCGHSA enrichment

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 is a critical vulnerability published on September 21, 2023. A certificate validation issue was addressed. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.6, iOS 16.7 and iPadOS 16.7. A malicious app may be able to bypass signature validation. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.
When was CVE-2023-41991 disclosed?
CVE-2023-41991 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 21, 2023, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-41991 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-41991 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on September 25, 2023, affecting Apple Multiple Products. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-41991?
CVE-2023-41991 affects Apple Multiple Products. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-41991?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-41991, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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