CVE-2023-40176

CRITICALNVD 9.09.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 80% (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 80%
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 80%CVSS: 9.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any registered user can exploit a stored XSS through their user profile by setting the payload as the value of the time zone user preference. Even though the time zone is selected from a drop down (no free text value) it can still be set from JavaScript (using the browser developer tools) or by calling the save URL on the user profile with the right query string. Once the time zone is set it is displayed without escaping which means the payload gets executed for any user that visits the malicious user profile, allowing the attacker to steal information and even gain more access rights (escalation to programming rights). This issue is present since version 4.1M2 when the time zone user preference was introduced. The issue has been fixed in XWiki 14.10.5 and 15.1RC1.

CVSS v3
9.0
EG Score
9.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
72
EG Risk 72/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity90% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation80% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
80%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
80% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 23, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 26, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
Web page

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https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-7847
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

SXSS in the user profile via the timezone displayer · Advisory · xwiki/xwiki-platform · GitHub

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-h8cm-3v5f-rgp6
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit d11ca5d781f8 (xwiki/xwiki-platform)

Patch available: xwiki/xwiki-platform xwiki-platform-17.4.8 (contains commit d11ca5d781f8)

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/d11ca5d781f8a42a85bc98eb82306c1431e764d4

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-web-templates—
  • 4.1-milestone-2 up to 14.10.5: fixed in 14.10.5
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 26× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 79 of 113 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 21 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 34 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 02:15 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-22 02:15 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-10-21 02:13 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-10-20 02:12 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-19 01:27 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-18 07:54 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-18 01:27 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-17 01:25 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-16 01:27 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-14 20:59 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  15. 2026-10-13 16:51 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-10-12 16:51 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 21:47 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  22. 2026-09-30 16:28 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 15:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
Show 54 more
  1. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-09-23 01:32 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-09-18 19:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-09-13 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  10. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-09-03 20:29 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  14. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  15. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 80% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-08-17 09:38 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-08-02 04:17 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  29. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-07-23 02:25 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-07-22 23:12 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  35. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-07-15 11:49 UTCOSV refresh
  38. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-06-27 12:04 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  48. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 79% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 29% · 96th percentile
  52. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 29% · 96th percentile
  53. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 29% · 96th percentile
  54. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 29% · 96th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-40176?
CVE-2023-40176 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 23, 2023. XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Any registered user can exploit a stored XSS through their user profile by setting the payload as the value of the time zone user preference. Even though the time zone is selected from a drop…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-40176 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-40176 was published on August 23, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-40176 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-40176 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 80% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-40176?
CVE-2023-40176 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-40176?
A fix for CVE-2023-40176 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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