CVE-2023-40165

HIGHNVD 7.47.4—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 68% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
7.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 7.4Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

rubygems.org is the Ruby community's primary gem (library) hosting service. Insufficient input validation allowed malicious actors to replace any uploaded gem version that had a platform, version number, or gem name matching /-\d/, permanently replacing the legitimate upload in the canonical gem storage bucket, and triggering an immediate CDN purge so that the malicious gem would be served immediately. The maintainers have checked all gems matching the /-\d/ pattern and can confirm that no unexpected .gems were found. As a result, we believe this vulnerability was _not_ exploited. The easiest way to ensure that a user's applications were not exploited by this vulnerability is to check that all of your downloaded .gems have a checksum that matches the checksum recorded in the RubyGems.org database. RubyGems contributor Maciej Mensfeld wrote a tool to automatically check that all downloaded .gem files match the checksums recorded in the RubyGems.org database. You can use it by running: bundle add bundler-integrity followed by bundle exec bundler-integrity. Neither this tool nor anything else can prove you were not exploited, but the can assist your investigation by quickly comparing RubyGems API-provided checksums with the checksums of files on your disk. The issue has been patched with improved input validation and the changes are live. No action is required on the part of the user. Users are advised to validate their local gems.

CVSS v3
7.4
EG Score
7.4(medium)
EG Risk
33(Track)
EG Risk 33/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity74% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
32%
KEV
Not listed

Published

August 17, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (4)

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 131 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-22 23:12 UTCEG score recompute
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  73. 2026-06-09 23:17 UTCOSV refresh
  74. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-40165?
CVE-2023-40165 is a high vulnerability published on August 17, 2023. rubygems.org is the Ruby community's primary gem (library) hosting service. Insufficient input validation allowed malicious actors to replace any uploaded gem version that had a platform, version number, or gem name matching /-\d/, permanently replacing the legitimate upload in the canonical gem…
When was CVE-2023-40165 disclosed?
CVE-2023-40165 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on August 17, 2023, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-40165 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-40165 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 67.7% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-40165?
CVE-2023-40165 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-40165?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-40165, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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