In WS_FTP Server versions prior to 8.7.4 and 8.8.2, a pre-authenticated attacker could leverage a .NET deserialization vulnerability in the Ad Hoc Transfer module to execute remote commands on the underlying WS_FTP Server operating system.
CVE-2023-40044
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 10.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-10-05), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
Also known asEUVD-2023-44651 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.
The CVE record's CNA (Progress Software Corporation) lists Progress Software Corporation WS_FTP Server versions 8.8.0 up to but not including 8.8.2 and 8.7.0 up to but not including 8.7.4 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.
- CVSS v3
- 10.0
- EG Score
- 10.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 100EG Risk 100/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity100% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation100% × 40%Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation sooner than your normal schedule at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high. - EPSS PROB
- 90%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 90% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation sooner than your normal schedule at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.
No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: this CVE is in CISA's KEV catalog, and CISA's required action for it, quoted below, applies whether or not a fix is released.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”
Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://community.progress.com/s/article/WS-FTP-Server-Critical-Vulnerability-September-2023 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40044
Published
September 27, 2023
Last Modified
October 31, 2025
Advisory Details (6)
Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026CVE-2023-40044: Deserialization of Untrusted Data | Rapid7 Vulnerability Database
https://attackerkb.com/topics/bn32f9sNax/cve-2023-40044Packet Storm
http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174917/Progress-Software-WS_FTP-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.htmlMass exploitation attempts against WS_FTP have begun
https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/02/ws_ftp_update/RCE in Progress WS_FTP Ad Hoc via IIS HTTP Modules (CVE-2023-40044)
https://www.assetnote.io/resources/research/rce-in-progress-ws-ftp-ad-hoc-via-iis-http-modules-cve-2023-40044Progress Customer Community
https://community.progress.com/s/article/WS-FTP-Server-Critical-Vulnerability-September-2023Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 106× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 1,006 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 906 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-02 01:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-02 01:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-11-01 00:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 00:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-30 23:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 23:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-29 22:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 22:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-28 22:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 22:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-27 21:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 21:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-26 20:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-26 20:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-25 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-25 17:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-24 18:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 18:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-23 17:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 17:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-22 17:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 17:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 16:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-20 15:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 15:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-19 14:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 14:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-18 13:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-18 07:54 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 12:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 12:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-16 11:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 11:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-15 11:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 11:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-14 10:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-13 09:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-12 18:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 08:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-12 04:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-12 00:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 20:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 20:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 13:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 09:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 05:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-11 01:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 21:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 17:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 13:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 10:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 06:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-10 02:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 22:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 18:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 14:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 10:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 06:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-09 03:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 23:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 19:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 15:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 11:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 07:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 03:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-08 00:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 00:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-07 20:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 16:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 12:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 08:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 04:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-07 00:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 21:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 17:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 13:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 09:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 05:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-06 01:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 21:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 18:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-05 18:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 90% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-05 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 10:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 06:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-05 02:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
- 2026-10-04 22:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
Publicly available exploits
(2 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. No fix is confirmed yet, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is published.
- Metasploitexploit/windows/http/ws_ftp_rce_cve_2023_40044✓ verifiedPublished Oct 4, 2023
Progress Software WS_FTP Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
Open source ↗ - Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-40044.yamlPublished Oct 23, 2025
WS_FTP Server - Insecure Deserialization
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-502
Frequently asked(6)
What is CVE-2023-40044?
When was CVE-2023-40044 made public?
Is CVE-2023-40044 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-40044?
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-40044?
How do I remediate CVE-2023-40044?
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-40044
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-40044?
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