Eclipse Jetty provides a web server and servlet container. In versions 11.0.0 through 11.0.15, 10.0.0 through 10.0.15, and 9.0.0 through 9.4.52, an integer overflow in MetaDataBuilder.checkSize allows for HTTP/2 HPACK header values to
exceed their size limit. MetaDataBuilder.java determines if a header name or value exceeds the size limit, and throws an exception if the limit is exceeded. However, when length is very large and huffman is true, the multiplication by 4 in line 295
will overflow, and length will become negative. (_size+length) will now be negative, and the check on line 296 will not be triggered. Furthermore, MetaDataBuilder.checkSize allows for user-entered HPACK header value sizes to be negative, potentially leading to a very large buffer allocation later on when the user-entered size is multiplied by 2. This means that if a user provides a negative length value (or, more precisely, a length value which, when multiplied by the 4/3 fudge factor, is negative), and this length value is a very large positive number when multiplied by 2, then the user can cause a very large buffer to be allocated on the server. Users of HTTP/2 can be impacted by a remote denial of service attack. The issue has been fixed in versions 11.0.16, 10.0.16, and 9.4.53. There are no known workarounds.
CVE-2023-36478
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 4.8% (91st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.5
- EG Score
- 7.5HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 36EG Risk 36/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity75% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation4.8% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 4.8%
- EPSS %ILE
- 91st
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 4.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-20). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
October 10, 2023
Last Modified
November 21, 2024
References (10)
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/10/18/4Mailing List · Third Party Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/pull/9634Issue Tracking · Patch
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-10.0.16Release Notes
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-11.0.16Release Notes
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/releases/tag/jetty-9.4.53.v20231009Release Notes
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-wgh7-54f2-x98rExploit · Vendor Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00045.htmlMailing List
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231116-0011/Third Party Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240621-0006/
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5540Third Party Advisory
Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-36478(2)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Patch Availability(1)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | http2-hpack | 2024-05-23 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(7 across 6 ecosystems)
Maven(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| org.eclipse.jetty.http2:http2-hpack | 9.3.0.v20150612 ... 9.4.9.v20180320 (118 versions) |
| — |
| org.eclipse.jetty.http3:http3-qpack | 11.0.10 ... 11.0.9 (8 versions) |
| — |
Debian:10(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetty9 | 9.4.15-1 ... 9.4.50-4 (40 versions) |
| — |
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetty9 | 9.4.39-3 ... 9.4.50-4 (17 versions) |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetty9 | 9.4.50-4, 9.4.50-4+deb12u1 |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetty9 | — |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| jetty9 | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 94 of 197 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 103 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-21 01:22 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 01:22 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-18 07:57 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-12 22:54 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-12 18:23 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-11 21:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 4.8% · 91st percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
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- 2026-09-30 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-27 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-22 20:31 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-03 16:29 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-17 05:50 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-08-02 00:36 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-27 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-23 02:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 23:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
- 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 88th percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:10:jetty9
- CVE-2023-44487NVD 7.5EG 9.0 KEVEPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-28169NVD 5.3EG 8.6EPSS p100HIGH
- CVE-2020-27223NVD 5.2EG 8.5EPSS p100HIGH
- CVE-2021-28165NVD 7.5EG 8.2EPSS p99HIGH
- CVE-2024-22201EG 7.5HIGH
- CVE-2022-2048EG 7.5HIGH
- CVE-2020-27216EG 7.0EPSS p91HIGH
- CVE-2019-10241EG 6.1EPSS p95MEDIUM
- CVE-2023-40167EG 5.3MEDIUM
- CVE-2023-26048EG 5.3MEDIUM
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2023:7247 · redhat:RHSA-2024:3354
- CVE-2023-39410EG 7.5HIGH
- CVE-2023-3223EG 7.5HIGH
- CVE-2023-40167EG 5.3MEDIUM
- CVE-2023-36479EG 3.5LOW
- CVE-2023-46604EG 9.8 KEVEPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-28752EG 9.3CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-34034EG 9.1EPSS p91CRITICAL
- CVE-2022-41678NVD 8.8EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-44487NVD 7.5EG 9.0 KEVEPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-22257EG 8.2HIGH
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-400 · CWE-190
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2023-36478?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-36478 published?
Is CVE-2023-36478 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-36478?
How do I remediate CVE-2023-36478?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2023-36478
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-36478?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.