CVE-2023-31606

HIGHNVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.5% (74th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.5%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) issue was discovered in the sanitize_html function of redcloth gem v4.0.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
50
EG Risk 50/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
The EG Score, 7.5 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.5%
EPSS %ILE
74th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 6, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (5)

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubunturuby-redcloth (4.2.9-5ubuntu0.1~esm1) @ xenial2026-05-24ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(6 across 6 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-redcloth4.3.2-3
  • every version up to 4.3.2-3+deb10u1: fixed in 4.3.2-3+deb10u1
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-redcloth4.3.2-3, 4.3.2-4, 4.3.3-1, 4.3.4-1, 4.3.4-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-redcloth4.3.2-4, 4.3.3-1, 4.3.4-1, 4.3.4-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-redcloth—
  • every version up to 4.3.3-1: fixed in 4.3.3-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ruby-redcloth—
  • every version up to 4.3.3-1: fixed in 4.3.3-1
—
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
RedCloth3.0.0 ... 4.3.2 (28 versions)
  • every version up to 4.3.3: fixed in 4.3.3
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 28× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 88 of 182 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 12 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 94 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 74th percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-14 03:24 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-12 18:27 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-11 21:53 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  18. 2026-09-30 16:22 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  20. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-27 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
Show 63 more
  1. 2026-09-23 10:23 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  3. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  4. 2026-09-13 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  5. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  6. 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  7. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  8. 2026-09-08 21:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  9. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  10. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  11. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  12. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  13. 2026-09-04 05:16 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  15. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  16. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  17. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  18. 2026-08-30 01:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  19. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  20. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  21. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  22. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  23. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  24. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  25. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  26. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  27. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  28. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  29. 2026-08-17 15:59 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  31. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  32. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  33. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  34. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  35. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  36. 2026-08-11 13:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  37. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  38. 2026-08-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  39. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  40. 2026-08-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 72nd percentile
  41. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  42. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  43. 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  44. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  45. 2026-08-02 11:27 UTCOSV refresh
  46. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  47. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  48. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  49. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  50. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  51. 2026-07-27 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  52. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  53. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  54. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  55. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  56. 2026-07-23 02:22 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-07-22 23:09 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  59. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  60. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  61. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  62. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
  63. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Same product

1 shown

Debian:11:ruby-redcloth

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-31606?
CVE-2023-31606 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 6, 2023. A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) issue was discovered in the sanitize_html function of redcloth gem v4.0.0. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via supplying a crafted payload.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-31606 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-31606 was published on June 6, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-31606 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-31606 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (74th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-31606?
CVE-2023-31606 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-31606?
A fix for CVE-2023-31606 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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