CVE-2023-31128

HIGHNVD 8.18.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 3.3%, top 13% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
8.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 3%CVSS: 8.1Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

NextCloud Cookbook is a recipe library app. Prior to commit a46d9855 on the master branch and commit 489bb744 on the main-0.9.x branch, the pull-checks.yml workflow is vulnerable to command injection attacks because of using an untrusted github.head_ref field. The github.head_ref value is an attacker-controlled value. Assigning the value to zzz";echo${IFS}"hello";# can lead to command injection. Since the permission is not restricted, the attacker has a write-access to the repository. This issue is fixed in commit a46d9855 on the master branch and commit 489bb744 on the main-0.9.x branch. There is no risk for the user of the app within the NextCloud server. This only affects the main repository and possible forks of it. Those who have forked the NextCloud Cookbook repository should make sure their forks are on the latest version to prevent code injection attacks and similar.

CVSS v3
8.1
EG Score
8.1(medium)
EG Risk
52(Track*)
EG Risk 52/100SSVC: Track*

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity81% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Watch closely — could escalate to Attend.
EPSS PROB
3%
EPSS %ILE
87%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 26, 2023

Last Modified

January 14, 2025

References (11)

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 50× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 110 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  75. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-31128?
CVE-2023-31128 is a high vulnerability published on May 26, 2023. NextCloud Cookbook is a recipe library app. Prior to commit a46d9855 on the master branch and commit 489bb744 on the main-0.9.x branch, the pull-checks.yml workflow is vulnerable to command injection attacks because of using an untrusted github.headref field. The github.headref value is an…
When was CVE-2023-31128 disclosed?
CVE-2023-31128 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 26, 2023, with the most recent update on January 14, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-31128 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-31128 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 12.6% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-31128?
CVE-2023-31128 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-31128?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-31128, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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